Magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary nodules: accuracy in a granulomatous disease-endemic region.

Objective: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of signal intensity of the lesion-to-spinal cord ratio (LSR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary nodules suspicious for lung cancer in granulomatous lung disease-endemic regions.

Methods: Forty-nine patients with indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules detected by chest computed tomography and histopathologically confirmed diagnoses were included in the study. DW images were analysed semiquantitatively by focusing regions of interest on the lesion and spinal cord at the same level (for LSR calculation).

Functional improvement in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis undergoing single lung transplantation.

Objective: To evaluate the changes in lung function in the first year after single lung transplantation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with IPF who underwent single lung transplantation between January of 2006 and December of 2012, reviewing the changes in the lung function occurring during the first year after the procedure.

Results: Of the 218 patients undergoing lung transplantation during the study period, 79 (36.

Pulmonary diseases with imaging findings mimicking aspergilloma.

Patients with preexisting lung cavities are at risk of developing intracavitary fungal colonization. Because Aspergillus spp. are the most commonly implicated fungi, these fungal masses are called aspergillomas.

Twelve-year survival of the first living-donor pediatric lung transplantation in Brazil.

Objective: To report the long-term follow-up of the first living-donor lobar lung transplantation performed in Latin America.

Description: The patient was a 12-year-old boy with post-infectious obliterative bronchiolitis with end-stage pulmonary disease. He was on continuous oxygen support, presenting with dyspnea even during minimal activity.

Aspergillus fumigatus fungus ball in the pleural cavity.

Objective: To report the cases of 6 patients with fungus ball caused by Aspergillus fumigatus (aspergilloma) in the pleural cavity.

Methods: Between 1980 and 2009, 391 patients were diagnosed with aspergilloma at the Santa Casa Hospital Complex in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The diagnosis of aspergilloma in the pleural cavity was made through imaging tests revealing effusion and pleural thickening with air-fluid level; direct mycological examination revealing septate hyphae, consistent with Aspergillus sp.

Guidelines for potential multiple organ donors (adult). Part III: organ-specific recommendations.

Brain death (BD) alters the pathophysiology of patients and may damage the kidneys, the lungs, the heart and the liver. To obtain better quality transplant organs, intensive care physicians in charge of the maintenance of deceased donors should attentively monitor these organs. Careful hemodynamic, ventilatory and bronchial clearance management minimizes the loss of kidneys and lungs.

Prognostic factors in lung transplantation: the Santa Casa de Porto Alegre experience.

Background: Lung transplantation (LT) has been established as a current therapy for selected patients with end-stage lung disease. Different prognostic factors have been reported by transplant centers. The objective of this study is to report our recent results with LT and to search for prognostic factors.

Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients by detection of galactomannan in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Background: Galactomannan (GM) detection in serum samples has been used to diagnose invasive aspergillosis (IA). Limited sensitivity has been observed in lung transplant recipients, for whom bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) testing has been advocated. Because airway colonization with Aspergillus species occurs frequently in these patients, false-positive GM results have been reported if the cutoff validated for sera is used (i.

Surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoid tumors: a single-center experience.

Background: Bronchial carcinoid is an infrequent neoplasm with a neuroendocrine differentiation. Surgical treatment is the gold standard therapy, with procedures varying from sublobar resections to complex lung sparing broncoplastic procedures. This study evaluates the results of surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoids and its prognostic factors.

Surgical treatment of benign tracheo-oesophageal fistulas with tracheal resection and oesophageal primary closure: is the muscle flap really necessary?

Objectives: Nowadays, despite the advances of the low-pressure high-volume cuffs, post-intubation tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TEF) still poses a major challenge to thoracic surgeons. The original technique includes interposition of muscle flaps between suture lines to avoid recurrence. It is not clear if this manoeuvre is indispensable and, in fact, we and others have faced problems with it.

Computed tomography findings of postoperative complications in lung transplantation.

Due to the increasing number and improved survival of lung transplant recipients, radiologists should be aware of the imaging features of the postoperative complications that can occur in such patients. The early treatment of complications is important for the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients. Frequently, HRCT plays a central role in the investigation of such complications.

Computed tomography measurement of lung volume in preoperative assessment for living donor lung transplantation: volume calculation using 3D surface rendering in the determination of size compatibility.

The objective of this study was to describe the use of CT volume quantification assessment of candidates for LLDLT. Six pediatric candidates for LDLLT and their donors were investigated with helical chest CT, as part of the preoperative assessment. The CT images were analyzed as per routine and additional post-processing with CT volume quantification (CT densitovolumetry) was performed to assess volume matching between the lower lobes of the donors and respective lungs of the receptors.

Round pneumonia: a rare condition mimicking bronchogenic carcinoma. Case report and review of the literature.

Context: Round pneumonia is a condition usually described in children, with few reports addressing adult patients. It is an oval-shaped consolidation that, due to its radiological appearance, simulates bronchogenic carcinoma. Its evolution tends to be benign, although diagnostic dilemmas have sometimes required exploratory thoracotomy.

The incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in lung transplant recipients under universal prophylaxis with intravenous ganciclovir.

The best strategy for control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in lung transplant patients is still not determined. The aim of this study was to document the incidence of CMV infection in a cohort of lung transplant recipients under universal prophylaxis with intravenous ganciclovir. All patients received immunosuppressive regimens consisting of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone.

[Lung transplant in children].

Objective: This article presents a review of the main aspects related to lung transplant in children and shows the experience of the first medical team to perform this procedure in Latin America.

Sources: Literature review of scientific articles, using the MEDLINE and Lilacs databases.

Summary Of The Findings: The article was organized into topics.