Optogenetic modulation of cardiac autonomic nervous system.

The following is a narrative review of the fundamentals of optogenetics. It focuses on the advantages and constraints of manipulating the autonomic nervous system by modifying the pathophysiological characteristics that arise in different diseases. Although the use of this technique is currently experimental, we will discuss improvements that have been implemented and identify the necessary measures for potential preclinical translation in the control of the cardiac autonomic nervous system.

Clinical and neurophysiological description of patients with POEMS syndrome.

Introduction: POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, skin changes) is a monoclonal gammopathy with polyneuropathy as a mandatory criterion.

Objective: To describe potential associations between clinical expression and electrodiagnostic patterns in POEMS syndrome.

Method: Observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study of cases cared for in a referral center, diagnosed with POEMS syndrome from 2009 to 2019.

Levosulpiride Relieved Persistent Hiccups in a Patient With COVID-19 and Vascular Cognitive Impairment.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic illness that implies neurological features and complications. Persistent (>48 hours) hiccups (ie, singultus or hiccoughs) have been recently described as a rare presentation of COVID-19. Even when considered benign, the frequency and duration of hiccup spells can be burdensome and sometimes difficult to treat.