Cognitive Assessment Tools for Screening Older Adults With Low Levels of Education: A Critical Review.

Cognitive assessment of older adults who are either illiterate or with low levels of education is particularly challenging because several battery tasks require a certain educational background. Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly using validated screening tools is of great importance since this population group could benefit from new drugs that are being investigated for the treatment of dementias. Cutoff scores for psychometric properties of cognitive tests are not well established among adults with low levels of education.

Neuroimaging Findings Related to Behavioral Disturbances in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have been linked to structural and functional alterations in fronto-temporal circuits and cortical abnormalities. However, little is known on how specific volumetric and functional brain changes may be associated with the frequency, severity and pattern of BPSD.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature regarding neuroimaging and BPSD changes in AD was performed through Pubmed/Medline, ISI, and EMBASE electronic databases from January 2000 to May 2015.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (NPS) in patients with pure Vascular Dementia (VaD) and Mixed Dementia (MD) from a memory outpatient clinic in southeast Brazil.

Unlabelled: Vascular Dementia (VaD) and Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) are increasingly common worldwide. Nevertheless, the clinical-neuropsychiatric profile of these patients at presentation is still poorly characterized in developing countries.

Objective: We aimed to characterize the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, as well as the clinical and cognitive profile of patients with VaD and VCI in our tertiary University outpatient cognitive clinic.

Vascular cognitive impairment in : A case report.

is a systemic auto-immune medical condition that mainly manifests with changes in skin and vasculopathy. This is a case report of a 69-year-old male with confirmed histopathologic diagnosis of presenting ulterior Cognitive Impairment, mostly in executive function. The patient was treated using steroids, immunomodulatory therapy, fluoxetine and galantamine.

Neuropsychological performance in patients with subcortical stroke.

Unlabelled: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is characterized by cognitive compromise predominantly of executive dysfunction.

Objectives: To assess cognitive functions in VCI, focusing on executive functions, to observe functional losses in relation to activities of daily living (ADLs) and to detect early symptoms prior to the onset of dementia.

Methods: We evaluated healthy subjects matched for gender, education and age to patients with diagnosis of subcortical vascular disease who had a stroke classified into three groups: 1) vascular lesions and no impairment; 2) vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND); 3) vascular dementia (VaD).

[Clinical and interventional revascularization in the acute ischemic stroke: national opinion].

The Brazilian Stroke Society constituted a committee composed by specialists from different areas of Brazil that emitted a viewpoint called "National Opinion," considering the interventional procedures and thrombolysis in the treatment of the acute ischemic stroke. This study presents the conclusions of this committee.

Neurological manifestations of celiac disease.

Unlabelled: Celiac disease (CD/ Nontropicalsprue, gluten-sensitive enteropathy) is a malabsortive condition in which an allergic reaction to the cereal grain-protein gluten (present in wheat, rye and barley) causes small intestine mucosal injury. The onset is in the first four decades of life, with a female to male ratio of 2:1. It may be associated with a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations including cerebellar ataxia, epileptic seizures, dementia, neuropathy, myopathy and multifocal leucoencephalopathy.

[Isolated central nervous system angiitis and myelodysplastic syndrome: case report].

Isolated central nervous system (CNS) angiitis are vasculitides of undetermined etiology in which only nervous system vessels are affected. In most cases there is no associated systemic disease. We report the case of a 67 years old man with previous hematologic diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome who developed an isolated CNS angiitis.

Cerebral infarct in children aged zero to fifteen years.

Cerebral infarcts in children present peculiar characteristics either due to their diversity of causes or due to the unknown nature of the causes. The etiologies of cerebral infarct were reviewed in children from zero to 15 years old, attended at a tertiary hospital, in Ribeirão Preto (Brazil), from 1990 to 1997, adopting the modified Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria of classification; 1-Atherosclerosis in large arteries; 2-Cardioembolic; 3-Occlusion of small vessels; 4-Other etiologies; 5-Undetermined cause. Thirty-nine children were included, 18 males and 21 females, aged 2 months to 15 years, mean age 5.