A bicarotid trunk with associated right retroesophageal subclavian artery in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1 complicated by a left hemispheric stroke.

Purpose: To describe the association between two aortic arch branch variants and its possible relationship with neurofibromatosis-1.

Methods: A 5-year-old female with NF-1 diagnosis presented to the emergency department at 2 months of age with irritability, vomiting and left gaze deviation. Brain MRI showed a left side acute hemispheric stroke and left internal carotid occlusion.

Utility of paramagnetic rim lesions on 1.5-T susceptibility phase imaging for the diagnosis of pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Background: Studies have suggested that paramagnetic rim lesions on 7-tesla (T) and 3-T susceptibility-based brain MRI are specific features of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in adults.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of paramagnetic rim lesions on 1.5-T phase images can help discriminate pediatric patients with MS from those with other demyelinating diseases.

Quantitative characterization of extraocular orbital lesions in children using diffusion-weighted imaging.

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been shown to be helpful in providing information about cellular density and also predicting the histological features of aggressive tumors. Several studies have evaluated this technique for orbital tumors. However, very few articles have focused exclusively on evaluating pediatric orbital masses and, within those, only a small number of patients were included in the study.