Impact of sarcopenic obesity on surgical complications and oncologic outcomes of upper gastrointestinal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a new entity whose definition encompasses the diagnosis of overweight in malnourished patients. The aim of the review was to assess the impact of body composition in patients with esophago-gastric tumors (EGT) on perioperative and oncological outcomes. This systematic review was conducted under the PRISMA guidelines.

Impact of Neoadjuvant Treatment on Body Composition in Patients with Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NT) followed by radical surgery is the standard treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC). The incidence of sarcopenia in upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies is very high, and it may be increased after NT. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of NT on body composition.

Ready-to-Use Multichamber Bags in Home Parenteral Nutrition for Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Single-Center Prospective Study.

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is increasingly prescribed for patients with advanced cancer. This therapy improves free-fat mass, quality of life and survival, but it is not free from complications, especially catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). The use of commercial multichamber bags in HPN has not been extensively explored in oncologic patients and their association with complications is not well known.

Impact of muscle mass on the prognosis of liver transplantation for infants with biliary atresia.

Background: Sarcopenia in adult cirrhotic patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality whereas in children it is still being studied. Anthropometric variables in cirrhotic children are not reliable for assessing muscle mass as they may be altered by ascites, edema, and organomegaly. Measuring the area of the psoas showed good correlation with muscle mass in adults.

The Beneficial Changes on Inflammatory and Endothelial Biomarkers Induced by Metabolic Surgery Decreases the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Men.

Obesity increases cardiovascular risk in men through several mechanisms. Among them, low-grade chronic inflammation and obesity-associated hypogonadism have been described. We aimed to study the effects of metabolic surgery on the carotid-intima media thickness through changes in inflammatory, endothelial biomarkers, and testosterone.

Impact of Sarcopenic Obesity on Long-Term Cancer Outcomes and Postoperative Complications After Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer.

Background: The prevalence of sarcopenia in gastric cancer (GC), although varying among the reported studies, is around 60%. In the last few years, it has been recognised that sarcopenia can also occur not only in patients with weight loss and low body weight, but also in patients with normal or increased body mass index. Therefore, the term sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a new definition that further expands the implications of altered body composition.

Impact of COVID-19 on Short- and Medium-Term Prescription of Enteral Nutrition in the General Population vs. Older People in the Community of Madrid, Spain.

We aimed to analyse the impact of COVID-19 during 2020 and 2021 on the prescription of enteral nutritional support and its expenditure in the Community of Madrid, Spain, compared to pre-pandemic data from 2016 in the general population vs. elderly. We analysed official electronic prescriptions of all public hospitals of the Community of Madrid.

The Role of Adiponectin in the Resolution of Male-Obesity-Associated Secondary Hypogonadism after Metabolic Surgery and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Risk.

Male-obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) is a very prevalent entity that may resolve after marked weight loss. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory properties that regulates metabolism. Low-circulating APN is associated with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk, along with circulating testosterone.

Fecal Metabolome and Bacterial Composition in Severe Obesity: Impact of Diet and Bariatric Surgery.

The aim of this study was to monitor the impact of a preoperative low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery on the bacterial gut microbiota composition and functionality in severe obesity and to compare sleeve gastrectomy (SG) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The study also aimed to incorporate big data analysis for the omics results and machine learning by a Lasso-based analysis to detect the potential markers for excess weight loss. Forty patients who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited (14 underwent SG, and 26 underwent RYGB).

[Effect of COVID-19 on dietotherapeutic prescription during the first half of 2020 in the Community of Madrid].

Objectives: the aim of the study was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on enteral nutrition prescription in the Community of Madrid during the first semester of 2020. Material and Methods: this is a descriptive study of enteral nutrition prescription in the first semester of 2020 and its comparison with the first semester of 2019. We included all the prescriptions in public hospitals of the Community of Madrid as recorded in public electronic databases.

Serum zinc and copper in people with COVID-19 and zinc supplementation in parenteral nutrition.

Objectives: Zinc and copper are important to protect cells from oxidative stress and to enhance immunity. An association between low zinc levels and the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome has been shown for people with COVID-19. We aimed to study serum zinc and copper concentrations in people with severe COVID-19 and zinc supplementation in parenteral nutrition (PN).

A body weight loss- and health-promoting gut microbiota is established after bariatric surgery in individuals with severe obesity.

Obesity has reached an epidemic level worldwide, and bariatric surgery (BS) has been proven to be the most efficient therapy to reduce severe obesity-related comorbidities. Given that the gut microbiota plays a causal role in obesity development and that surgery may alter the gut environment, investigating the impact of BS on the microbiota in the context of severe obesity is important. Although, alterations at the level of total gut bacteria, total gene content and total metabolite content have started to be disentangled, a clear deficit exists regarding the analysis of the active fraction of the microbiota, which is the fraction that is most reactive to the BS.

Circulating Zinc and Copper Levels are Associated with Sperm Quality in Obese Men after Metabolic Surgery: A Pilot Study.

(1) Background: Inadequate levels of several trace elements and vitamins may impair spermatogenesis in men. Although weight loss after metabolic surgery normalizes male reproductive hormones, sperm quality seems to not improve. We hypothesized that circulating concentrations of zinc, copper and other trace elements and vitamins might be involved.

Fertility and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Following Bariatric Surgery.

Context: Restoration of ovulation is quite common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) after surgically induced weight loss. Whether or not this results in an improvement of PCOS-associated infertility is uncertain.

Objective: To study fertility and gestational outcomes in women with PCOS after bariatric surgery.

[Effects of gastric bypass on cardiovascular risk and resolution of comorbidities: results at 5 years].

Background: bariatric surgery is an effective therapeutic alternative for morbid obesity as it achieves significant weight loss, maintained over time, as well as the resolution of comorbidities and a decreased cardiovascular risk. Material and methods: a retrospective study that included all patients consecutively undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass in our center for 10 years, in which weight loss, comorbidities, and cardiovascular risk factors were studied prior to surgery and at the end of follow-up. Results: 303 patients, 221 women and 82 men, with a mean age of 42.

Changes in Soluble TWEAK Concentrations, but Not Those in Amyloid-β(1-40), Are Associated with a Decrease in Carotid Intima-Media Thickness after Bariatric Surgery in Obese Women.

Background/aim: Soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and amyloid-β(1-40) (Aβ40) emerged as markers of cardiovascular risk because of their actions in the endothelium and their role in atherosclerotic progression. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of these two factors with the decrease in carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) after bariatric surgery in obese women.

Methods: We studied 60 severely obese women, of whom 20 were submitted to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), 20 to sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and 20 to lifestyle modification therapy.

Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass Decrease the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obese Men: Association with Weight Loss, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Circulating Testosterone.

Background: Obesity surgery has shown to decrease the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), but studies that compare different surgical techniques are scarce, especially in men.

Objective: To evaluate the changes in IMT in men after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and its association with circulating testosterone.

Setting: Academic Hospital.

Infectious Complications in Home Parenteral Nutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Peripherally-Inserted Central Catheters with Other Central Catheters.

Background: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) has become a common therapy. There is still controversy regarding the possibility that peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) may diminish catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) rates.

Methods: We searched the PubMed database for studies reporting the rates of CRBSI with HPN.

Lack of Improvement of Sperm Characteristics in Obese Males After Obesity Surgery Despite the Beneficial Changes Observed in Reproductive Hormones.

Background: Even though obesity surgery normalizes circulating testosterone concentrations in males with obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism, its impact on spermatogenesis remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate sperm characteristics in obese men after bariatric surgery as well as changes in reproductive hormones.

Methods: Twenty severely obese men (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m) were evaluated before and 2 years after bariatric surgery.

Morbid obesity-related changes in the expression of lipid receptors, transporters, and HSL in human sperm.

Objective: To study the location and expression of receptors (SR-BI/CLA-1, SR-BII, and LDLr) and transporter (ABCA1) involved in uptake and efflux of cholesterol in human spermatozoa and assess whether obesity alters its location/expression and whether this could be related to infertility.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: None PATIENT(S): Ten controls and 20 obese patients.