Distinct fecal microbial signatures are linked to sex and chronic immune activation in pediatric HIV infection.

Introduction: Our understanding of HIV-associated gut microbial dysbiosis in children perinatally-infected with HIV (CLWH) lags behind that of adults living with HIV. Childhood represents a critical window for the gut microbiota. Any disturbances, including prolonged exposure to HIV, antiretroviral drugs, and antibiotics are likely to have a significant impact on long-term health, resulting in a less resilient gut microbiome.

Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in a third level pediatric hospital in Mexico City.

Introduction: The increasing resistance to antibiotics is a public health problem and an imminent therapeutic challenge in hospitals. In this report we aimed to analyze the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in a third-level pediatric hospital.

Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the information from the microbiology and pharmacy databases of the Pediatric Hospital "Doctor Silvestre Frenk Freund", during the period 2015-2018.

An eight-year multicenter study on short-term peripheral intravenous catheter-related bloodstream infection rates in 100 intensive care units of 9 countries in Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela. Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC).

Background: Data on short-term peripheral intravenous catheter-related bloodstream infections per 1,000 peripheral venous catheter days (PIVCR BSIs per 1,000 PVC days) rates from Latin America are not available, so they have not been thoroughly studied.

Methods: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) members conducted a prospective, surveillance study on PIVCR BSIs from January 2010 to March 2018 in 100 intensive care units (ICUs) among 41 hospitals, in 26 cities of 9 countries in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican-Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Health Safety Network (NHSN) definitions were applied, and INICC methodology and INICC Surveillance Online System software were used.

[Clinical management of COVID-19 paediatric cases].

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses present in different species of animals, which can infect humans, causing epidemics and pandemics. On January 9, 2020, a new virus was announced as the cause of an outbreak of severe pneumonia in Wuhan, China. On March 11, WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the disease was called COVID-19.

[A case-series analysis of tuberculosis in pediatric patients treated in a tertiary level hospital].

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge because severe forms occur most frequently in children under 5 years of age and the diagnosis is complex. The objective of this paper was to describe the clinical presentation, frequency, diagnostic methods used and response to treatment in children with TB treated at a tertiary level hospital.

Methods: The study was retrospective and descriptive of a cohort of consecutive cases treated from January 2010 to December 2013.

[Risk factors related to nosocomial pneumonia in pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery].

Background: Procalcitonin is a diagnostic marker useful to discern infections and non-infectious complications in heart surgeries. The aim is to describe risk factors related to nosocomial pneumonia and the predictive value of serum procalcitonin in pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery.

Methods: During a year a nested case-control study was carried out in a third level hospital.

[Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients treated for influenza A (H1N1). The 2009 pandemic in Mexico].

Background: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus was first reported in April 2009. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical course of patients with influenza-like illness treated in a tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, encompassing the period from April 2009 to March 2010.

[Perinatal infection by rubella virus in breast-fed babies with congenital heart disease].

Background: seroepidemiological surveys suggest that approximately 20 % of women of childbearing age are susceptible to rubella. It is necessary to detect congenital rubella cases. Our objective was to determine the frequency of perinatal infection by rubella virus (RV) in infants with congenital heart disease.

[Is there a shift in the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Mexican children?].

Introduction: Twenty years ago, prevalence of Hepatitis A in Mexican children was 90%.

Objective: To describe a shift in the prevalence of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and to demonstrate an increment in the age at the first contact with HAV, in a sample of Mexican children.

Material And Methods: Reports of antiviral serologic studies collected from 1991 to 2005 from patients attending a pediatric hospital, were reviewed, and those with IgM anti-HAV positive in serum were selected.