Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Toxicity in H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in the cosmetic industry. They are nano-optical and nano-electrical devices, and their antimicrobial properties are applied in food packaging and medicine. ZnO NPs penetrate the body through inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure and spread through circulation to various systems and organs.

Food grade titanium dioxide accumulation leads to cellular alterations in colon cells after removal of a 24-hour exposure.

Titanium dioxide food grade (E171) is one of the most used food additives containing nanoparticles. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority indicated that E171 could no longer be considered safe as a food additive due to the possibility of it being genotoxic and there is evidence that E171 administration exacerbates colon tumor formation in murine models. However, less is known about the effects of E171 accumulation once the exposure stopped, then we hypothesized that toxic effects could be detected even after E171 removal.

Irreversible disruption of the cytoskeleton as induced by non-cytotoxic exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in lung epithelial cells.

Exposure to TiO NPs induces several cellular alterations after NPs uptake including disruption of cytoskeleton that is crucial for lung physiology but is not considered as a footprint of cell damage. We aimed to investigate cytoskeleton disturbances and the impact on cell migration induced by an acute TiO NPs exposure (24 h) and the recovery capability after 6 days of NPs-free treatment, which allowed investigating if cytoskeleton damage was reversible. Exposure to TiO NPs (10 μg/cm) for 24 h induced a decrease 20.

Differences in cytotoxicity of lung epithelial cells exposed to titanium dioxide nanofibers and nanoparticles: Comparison of air-liquid interface and submerged cell cultures.

Air Liquid Interface (ALI) system has emerged as a useful tool for toxicity evaluation of nanomaterials related to inhalation since the system mimics the aerosol exposure. We compared the biological responses of lung epithelial cells exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO) nanofibers and nanoparticles in ALI and submerged cell cultures systems. Cells were exposed to 2 and 10 μg/cm for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h and LDH release, TiO internalization, DNA-double strand breaks (DSBs) and ROS production were assessed.

Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) by solid or liquid matrix administration induces inflammation, germ cells sloughing in seminiferous tubules and blood-testis barrier disruption in mice.

Food-grade titanium dioxide labeled as E171 has been approved for human consumption by the Food and Drug Administration (USA) and by the European Union for five decades. However, titanium dioxide has been classified as a possible carcinogen for humans by the International Agency of Research in Cancer raising concerns of its oral intake and the translocation to bloodstream, which could disturb barriers such as the blood-testis barrier. There is evidence that titanium dioxide by intragastric/intraperitoneal/intravenous administration induced alterations on testosterone levels, testicular function and architecture, but studies of the E171 effects on the testicle structure and blood-testis barrier are limited.

Influence of shape and dispersion media of titanium dioxide nanostructures on microvessel network and ossification.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) production has been used for pigment, food and cosmetic industry and more recently, shaped as belts for treatment of contaminated water, self-cleaning windows and biomedical applications. However, the toxicological data have demonstrated that TiO NPs inhalation induce inflammation in in vivo models and in vitro exposure leads to cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Dermal exposure has limited adverse effects and the possible risks for implants used for tissue regeneration is still under research.

Food-grade titanium dioxide exposure exacerbates tumor formation in colitis associated cancer model.

Colorectal cancer is the fourth worldwide cause of death and even if some dietary habits are consider risk factors, the contribution of food additives including foodgrade titanium dioxide (TiO2), designated as E171, has been poorly investigated. We hypothesized that oral E171 intake could have impact on the enhancement of colorectal tumor formation and we aimed to investigate if E171 administration could enhance tumor formation in a colitis associated cancer (CAC) model. BALB/c male mice were grouped as follows: a) control, b) E171, c) CAC and d) CAC + E171 group (n = 6).

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce an adaptive inflammatory response and invasion and proliferation of lung epithelial cells in chorioallantoic membrane.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) studies have been performed using relatively high NPs concentration under acute exposure and limited studies have compared shape effects. We hypothesized that midterm exposure to low TiO2 NPs concentration in lung epithelial cells induces carcinogenic characteristics modulated partially by NPs shape. To test our hypothesis we synthesized NPs shaped as belts (TiO2-B) using TiO2 spheres (TiO2-SP) purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co.

Evaluation of SiO2 sonogels, prepared by a new catalyst-free method, as drug delivery system.

Recently, we reported on the synthesis of catalyst-free SiO(2) sonogels prepared by the sonication of a neutral distilled water/ tetraethyl ortosilicate mixture. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using these sonogels as pharmaceutical delivery systems. A certified color additive (sunset yellow, SY) was used as a model compound for the release experiments.

Production of penicillin acylase by a recombinant Escherichia coli using cheese whey as substrate and inducer.

Cheese whey (CW) is the major subproduct from cheese manufacturing and it is considered as a waste pollutant since its high content of lactose. In this work a fermentation process for the production of penicillin acylase (PA) by a recombinant Escherichia coli and using CW as unique carbon source and inducer was developed. A design factorial 3(2) was used to evaluate the influence of independent variables (dissolved oxygen and CW concentration) on the ability of E.

[Reflections about allergic and crossed reactions to sulphonamides and drugs with radical-sulphonamide].

In the daily pharmacological therapy, some compounds may cause eventually allergic hypersensitivity reactions generating adverse effects. The objective of this study and its reflections has been to recommend caution, being prudent when expressing an opinion on risks and benefits of drugs themselves or some of their radicals that may contain because this attitude might produce a unsuitable concern. Drugs hypersensitivity (an unexpected pharmacological effect) may resemble a true allergic reaction but without the implication of IgE immunoglobulin.