Self-Rated Health and Medically Diagnosed Chronic Disease Association among Adults in Puerto Rico.

Introduction: Latinos report lower self-rated health (SRH) than non-Hispanic White persons. However, the association between SRH and medically diagnosed chronic diseases (MDCDs) remains understudied in Latino populations. This study assessed the relationship between a single-item SRH indicator and MDCD status among predominantly Latino adults in Puerto Rico.

Assessing the living environment of persons displaced following a strong earthquake sequence in Puerto Rico, 2020.

In the public health portfolio of disaster tools, rapid needs assessments are essential intelligence data mining resources that can assess immediate needs in almost all hazard scenarios. Following prolonged and unusual seismic activity that caused significant structural damage, mainly in the southwest part of the island of Puerto Rico, thousands of area residents were forced to leave their homes and establish improvised camps. The austere environmental exposure and limited access to safety and hygiene services prompted public health authorities to request assistance with conducting a rapid needs assessment of those encampments.

Neo-Traditional and Industrialized Dietary Patterns Coexist and Are Differentially Associated with Cardiometabolic Health among Adults in Puerto Rico.

Background: An increasingly industrialized food system has marginalized local, traditional food cultures in Puerto Rico (PR). Recent efforts to decolonize diets have promoted local food intake; however, how resulting dietary patterns may influence cardiometabolic disease remains unknown.

Objectives: This study aimed to 1) identify dietary patterns in PR and 2) determine their associations with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.

Self-reported engagement in healthy eating behaviors is associated with favorable dietary intake among adults in Puerto Rico.

A diet high in quality is essential for prevention of chronic diseases. Specific healthy eating behaviors may modulate dietary intake. However, these behaviors have been seldomly studied, particularly in Puerto Rico (PR), a population with documented poor dietary quality and high burden of chronic diseases.

Design and Implementation of a Culturally-Tailored Randomized Pilot Trial: Puerto Rican Optimized Mediterranean-Like Diet.

Background: Adhering to a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with a healthier cardiometabolic profile. However, there are limited studies on the MedDiet benefits for non-Mediterranean racial/ethnic minorities, for whom this diet may be unfamiliar and inaccessible and who have a high risk of chronic diseases.

Objectives: To describe the study design of a pilot trial testing the efficacy of a MedDiet-like tailored to adults in Puerto Rico (PR).

Association between adverse experiences during Hurricane María and mental and emotional distress among adults in Puerto Rico.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between adverse experiences during Hurricane María and mental and emotional distress in Puerto Rico.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used baseline data from adult (30-75 years) participants of the Puerto Rico Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends (PROSPECT). Enrolled individuals prior to COVID-19 who completed a 33-item questionnaire on Hurricane María-related experiences (sub-categorized as personal, service, or property losses), depression symptomatology, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety were included for analysis (n = 456).

Consumption of Foods Away from Home Is Associated with Lower Diet Quality Among Adults Living in Puerto Rico.

Background: Consuming foods away from home (FAFH) is ubiquitous, yet, it is unclear how it influences diet in diverse populations.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the association between frequency and type of consumption of FAFH and diet quality.

Design: The study had a cross-sectional design.

Precision health diagnostic and surveillance network uses S gene target failure (SGTF) combined with sequencing technologies to track emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Introduction: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic revealed a worldwide lack of effective molecular surveillance networks at local, state, and national levels, which are essential to identify, monitor, and limit viral community spread. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) such as Alpha and Omicron, which show increased transmissibility and immune evasion, rapidly became dominant VOCs worldwide. Our objective was to develop an evidenced-based genomic surveillance algorithm, combining reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing technologies to quickly identify highly contagious VOCs, before cases accumulate exponentially.

Positive attitudes toward legumes are associated with legume intake among adults in Puerto Rico.

Legumes are a traditional healthy staple food in Latin America, with great potential for use in diet-related chronic disease prevention interventions. This study aimed to investigate attitudes about legume consumption and associations with dietary intake. Adult participants from the Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle, and Diseases, who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and a legumes questionnaire (n = 229) were included.

Chronic Diseases and Associated Risk Factors Among Adults in Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria.

Importance: As public health emergencies become more prevalent, it is crucial to identify adverse physical and mental health conditions that may be triggered by natural disasters. There is a lack of data on whether Hurricane Maria in 2017 influenced the disease burden of adults in Puerto Rico.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases and their associated risk factors among adults living in Puerto Rico before and after Hurricane Maria in 2017.

Association of a Single-Item Self-Rated Diet Construct With Diet Quality Measured With the Alternate Healthy Eating Index.

A single-item self-rated diet measure (SRD) may provide a quick, low-burden screener. However, assessment of its validity is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of an SRD construct with measured diet quality among adults in Puerto Rico (PR).

Associations between diet quality scores and central obesity among adults in Puerto Rico.

Background: Adults in Puerto Rico experience an excessive burden of central obesity. It remains unknown which dietary components are more strongly associated with central obesity in this high-risk group. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of the Mediterranean diet (MeDS) and Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI) with central obesity in the Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle and Diseases (PRADLAD) cross-sectional study.

Associations Between Perceived Stress and Dietary Intake in Adults in Puerto Rico.

Background: Psychological stress may influence health by negatively affecting dietary intake. However, there are few studies on the connection between stress and dietary intake in Puerto Rico (PR), a population with documented poor diet quality.

Objective: To explore the association between perceived stress and intake of macronutrients and diet quality among adults in PR.

Design and Implementation of the Puerto Rico Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends (PROSPECT).

The Puerto Rico Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends (PROSPECT) is a prospective cohort study in Puerto Rico (PR) aiming to identify trends and longitudinal associations in risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 2019, PROSPECT investigators started recruiting a sample of 2,000 adults aged 30-75 years in PR using multistage probabilistic sampling of households and community approaches. Culturally sensitive trained research assistants assess participants, at baseline and at 2-year follow-up, in private rooms at a network of partner clinics.

The association between purchasing locally produced food and diet quality among adults in Puerto Rico.

Objective: Diminished diet quality in the Caribbean and other island settings may be related to a dietary transition from local foods towards imported products. The current study aimed to characterise the association between intentionally purchasing local foods (IPLF) and diet quality in Puerto Rico (PR).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Higher eating frequency, but not skipping breakfast, is associated with higher odds of abdominal obesity in adults living in Puerto Rico.

Puerto Ricans have a high prevalence of obesity, yet little information is available regarding its association with eating patterns in this population. We hypothesized that higher eating frequency and skipping breakfast would be associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity among adults living in Puerto Rico (PR). In a cross-sectional study of adults living in PR aged 30-75 years (N = 310), participants reported their frequency of eating meals per day including snacks and breakfast.

Pharmacokinetics of the Rac/Cdc42 Inhibitor MBQ-167 in Mice by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

The Rho GTPases Rac and Cdc42 are potential targets against metastatic diseases. We characterized the small molecule MBQ-167 as an effective dual Rac/Cdc42 inhibitor that reduces HER2-type tumor growth and metastasis in mice by ∼90%. This study reports the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of MBQ-167 following intraperitoneal and oral single-dose administrations.

Dietary Intake and Its Determinants Among Adults Living in the Metropolitan Area of Puerto Rico.

There is scarce information regarding the dietary intake of adults living in Puerto Rico (PR). We aimed to assess intake of nutrients and foods, adherence to recommended intake of nutrients and diet quality, and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors correlated with diet quality among adults in the San Juan metropolitan area of PR. Data were obtained from participants of the cross-sectional convenience-sample Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle, and Diseases ( = 248; ages 30-75 years).

Health conditions and lifestyle risk factors of adults living in Puerto Rico: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Puerto Rico is experiencing an economic and healthcare crisis, yet there are scarce recent and comprehensive reports on the population's health profile. We aimed to describe prevalent risk factors and health conditions of adults living in Puerto Rico and assess their interrelationship.

Methods: Participants (n = 380) aged 30-75y recruited from a 2015 convenience sample in primary care clinics in the San Juan, Puerto Rico metropolitan area answered cross-sectional interviewer-administered questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, self-reported medically-diagnosed diseases, health services, and psychosocial factors.

Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors, and Health Conditions of Dominican Adults Living in Puerto Rico.

Dominicans are the largest migrant community in Puerto Rico, yet understudied. We compared risk factors and health conditions of Dominicans versus Puerto Ricans (PRs). Cross-sectional survey of Dominicans (n = 55) and PRs (n = 310) aged 30-75 years, assessed with validated questionnaires and standardized anthropometric measurements.

Complete Genome Sequences of 15 Chikungunya Virus Isolates from Puerto Rico.

Here, we report the complete genome sequences of 15 chikungunya virus strains isolated from human plasma from infected patients in Puerto Rico. The results show that currently circulating chikungunya strains in Puerto Rico are closely related.

Challenges and opportunities in establishing a collaborative multisite observational study of chronic diseases and lifestyle factors among adults in Puerto Rico.

Background: Prevalence of chronic diseases and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among the adult population of Puerto Rico (PR) is high; however, few epidemiological studies have been conducted to address these. We aimed to document the methods and operation of establishing a multisite cross-sectional study of chronic diseases and risk factors in PR, in partnership with academic, community, clinical, and research institutions.

Methods: The Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle and Diseases (PRADLAD) documented lifestyle and health characteristics of adults living in PR, with the goal of informing future epidemiological and intervention projects, as well as public health, policy, and clinical efforts to help improve the population's health.

Episensitization: Defying Time's Arrow.

The development of cancer is driven by complex genetic and epigenetic changes that result in aberrant and uncontrolled cellular growth. Epigenetic changes, in particular, are implicated in the silencing or activation of key genes that control cellular growth and apoptosis and contribute to transformative potential. The purpose of this review is to define and assess the treatment strategy of "episensitization," or the ability to sensitize cancer cells to subsequent therapy by resetting the epigenetic infrastructure of the tumor.