Cost-effectiveness of a machine learning risk prediction model (LungFlag) in the selection of high-risk individuals for non-small cell lung cancer screening in Spain.

Objective: The LungFlag risk prediction model uses individualized clinical variables to identify individuals at high-risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of LungFlag implementation in the Spanish setting for the identification of individuals at high-risk of NSCLC.

Methods: A model combining a decision-tree with a Markov model was adapted to the Spanish setting to calculate health outcomes and costs over a lifetime horizon, comparing two hypothetical scenarios: screening with LungFlag versus non-screening, and screening with LungFlag versus screening the entire population meeting 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria.

Commercial perspectives: Genome editing as a breeding tool for health and well-being in dairy cattle.

Genome editing is the latest breeding tool capable of accelerating the rate of genetic improvement for health and well-being traits in food animals. It enables the introduction of beneficial alleles within a single generation, including those that are of low frequency or absent in the population, while effectively bypassing linkage drag. For the dairy industry, genome editing can be used to make rapid genetic improvements that are precise, efficient, and transgene-free for functional traits that are not practically addressed without disrupting conventional breeding goals for overall economic merit based on genomic selection.

Genomic insights into the population history and adaptive traits of Latin American Criollo cattle.

Criollo cattle, the descendants of animals brought by Iberian colonists to the Americas, have been the subject of natural and human-mediated selection in novel tropical agroecological zones for centuries. Consequently, these breeds have evolved distinct characteristics such as resistance to diseases and exceptional heat tolerance. In addition to European taurine () ancestry, it has been proposed that gene flow from African taurine and Asian indicine () cattle has shaped the ancestry of Criollo cattle.

A structural variant at ASIP associated with the darkness of hair coat is found in multiple zebu cattle populations.

A structural variant (SV) in the agouti signaling protein gene (ASIP), namely ASIP-SV1, has been found to strongly correlate with the darkness of hair coat in specific regions of the body of bulls from the zebu (Bos indicus) Nellore breed. Here we visually analyzed the whole-genome sequence of zebu and taurine (Bos taurus) cattle to elucidate the extent of spread of ASIP-SV1 in different cattle populations. Of 216 sequences analyzed, 63 zebu (45.

Perioperative interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy for keloids scar.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of keloids treated with perioperative interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT).

Material And Methods: A retrospective review of 61 keloids in 51 patients treated with perioperative interstitial HDR-BT was performed. Keloid lesions were treated with 12 Gy in 4 fractions within 48 hours.

Methylome Patterns of Cattle Adaptation to Heat Stress.

Heat stress has a detrimental impact on cattle health, welfare and productivity by affecting gene expression, metabolism and immune response, but little is known on the epigenetic mechanisms mediating the effect of temperature at the cellular and organism level. In this study, we investigated genome-wide DNA methylation in blood samples collected from 5 bulls of the heat stress resilient Nellore breed and 5 bulls of the Angus that are more heat stress susceptible, exposed to the sun and high temperature-high humidity during the summer season of the Brazilian South-East region. The methylomes were analyzed during and after the exposure by Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing, which provided genome-wide single-base resolution methylation profiles.

Variants at the ASIP locus contribute to coat color darkening in Nellore cattle.

Background: Nellore cattle (Bos indicus) are well-known for their adaptation to warm and humid environments. Hair length and coat color may impact heat tolerance. The Nellore breed has been strongly selected for white coat, but bulls generally exhibit darker hair ranging from light grey to black on the head, neck, hump, and knees.

Emerging Technologies for Monitoring Plant Health in Vivo.

In the coming decades, increasing agricultural productivity is all-important. As the global population is growing rapidly and putting increased demand on food supply, poor soil quality, drought, flooding, increasing temperatures, and novel plant diseases are negatively impacting yields worldwide. One method to increase yields is plant health monitoring and rapid detection of disease, nutrient deficiencies, or drought.

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Variations Associated With Specific Genes Putatively Identified Enhanced Genetic Predisposition for 305-Day Milk Yield in the Girolando Crossbreed.

Milk production phenotypes are the main focus of genetic selection in dairy herds, and although there are many genes identified as related to the biology of these traits in pure breeds, little is known about crossbreed animals. This study aimed to identify potential genes associated with the 305-day milk yield in 337 crossbreed Gir × Holstein (Girolando) animals. Milk production records were genotyped for 45,613 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

[SARS-CoV-2 infection: implications for sexual and reproductive health. A position statement of the Asociación Española de Andrología, Medicina Sexual y Reproductiva (ASESA)].

Objective: The main objective of this revision is to summarize the current existing evidence of the potential adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive system and provide the recommendations of the Asociación Española de Andrología, Medicina Sexual y Reproductiva (ASESA) concerning the implications of COVID-19 infection in the management of male infertilty patients and testicular endocrine dysfunction.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature search of the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, Cochrane and MedRxiv, was carried out.

Results: The presence of orchitis as a potential complication of the infection by SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been confirmed.

Growth Rate and Acceleration Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic Reveals the Effect of Public Health Measures in Real Time.

Ending the COVID-19 pandemic is arguably one of the most prominent challenges in recent human history. Following closely the growth dynamics of the disease is one of the pillars toward achieving that goal. We aimed at developing a simple framework to facilitate the analysis of the growth rate (cases/day) and growth acceleration (cases/day) of COVID-19 cases in real-time.

Fine mapping of genomic regions associated with female fertility in Nellore beef cattle based on sequence variants from segregating sires.

Background: Impaired fertility in cattle limits the efficiency of livestock production systems. Unraveling the genetic architecture of fertility traits would facilitate their improvement by selection. In this study, we characterized SNP chip haplotypes at QTL blocks then used whole-genome sequencing to fine map genomic regions associated with reproduction in a population of Nellore () heifers.

Sleep Duration is Inversely Associated with Serum Uric Acid Concentrations and Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratio in an Elderly Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk.

The aim of the study was to evaluate sleep duration and sleep variability in relation to serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations and SUA to creatinine ratio. This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 1842 elderly participants with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndromein the (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) PREDIMED-Plus trial. Accelerometry-derived sleep duration and sleep variability were measured.

Association of Copy Number Variation at Intron 3 of With Navel Length in .

Navel injuries caused by friction against the pasture can promote infection, reproductive problems and costly treatments in beef cattle raised in extensive systems. A haplotype-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for visual scores of navel length at yearling in Nellore cattle () using data from 2,016 animals and 503,088 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The strongest signal ( = 1.

Misidentification of runs of homozygosity islands in cattle caused by interference with copy number variation or large intermarker distances.

Background: Runs of homozygosity (ROH) islands are stretches of homozygous sequence in the genome of a large proportion of individuals in a population. Algorithms for the detection of ROH depend on the similarity of haplotypes. Coverage gaps and copy number variants (CNV) may result in incorrect identification of such similarity, leading to the detection of ROH islands where none exists.

Genome-wide association study using haplotype alleles for the evaluation of reproductive traits in Nelore cattle.

Zebu cattle (Bos taurus indicus) are highly adapted to tropical regions. However, females reach puberty after taurine heifers, which affects the economic efficiency of beef cattle breeding in the tropical regions. The aims of this study were to establish associations between the haplotype alleles of the bovine genome and age at first calving (AFC) in the Nelore cattle, and to identify the genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to this phenotype.

Systemic oxidative stress in Suffolk and Santa Ines sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus.

The mechanisms responsible for the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus are not well established. This study aimed to prove the hypothesis that oxidative stress occurring during infection by H. contortus varies according to breed, and that the parasite burden correlates with hypoalbuminaemia and anaemia.

[Lethality analysis in patients with tuberculosis diagnosis in a high complexity hospital in Cali, Colombia].

Unlabelled: Background In 2016 tuberculosis (TB) was considered the ninth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of a single infectious agent, with approximately 1.6 million deaths worldwide and a lethality of 15%. Over 95% of cases and deaths are in developing countries like Colombia.

Genomic predictions combining SNP markers and copy number variations in Nellore cattle.

Background: Due to the advancement in high throughput technology, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is routinely being incorporated along with phenotypic information into genetic evaluation. However, this approach often cannot achieve high accuracy for some complex traits. It is possible that SNP markers are not sufficient to predict these traits due to the missing heritability caused by other genetic variations such as microsatellite and copy number variation (CNV), which have been shown to affect disease and complex traits in humans and other species.

New Insights on Water Buffalo Genomic Diversity and Post-Domestication Migration Routes From Medium Density SNP Chip Data.

The domestic water buffalo is native to the Asian continent but through historical migrations and recent importations, nowadays has a worldwide distribution. The two types of water buffalo, i.e.

Convergent Evolution of Slick Coat in Cattle through Truncation Mutations in the Prolactin Receptor.

Evolutionary adaptations are occasionally convergent solutions to the same problem. A mutation contributing to a heat tolerance adaptation in Senepol cattle, a New World breed of mostly European descent, results in the distinct phenotype known as slick, where an animal has shorter hair and lower follicle density across its coat than wild type animals. The causal variant, located in the 11 exon of , produces a frameshift that results in a truncated protein.

A PLAG1 mutation contributed to stature recovery in modern cattle.

The recent evolution of cattle is marked by fluctuations in body size. Height in the Bos taurus lineage was reduced by a factor of ~1.5 from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages, and increased again only during the Early Modern Ages.