Amplitude modulated vestibular evoked myogenic responses: a study of carrier and modulating frequencies.

Conclusion: Responses with greater amplitude were recorded when carrier frequencies were modulated at 37, 40, and 43 Hz. These responses can be recorded even in patients with significant sensorineural hearing loss, from the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle for a 500 Hz tone, 100% modulated at 40 Hz.

Objective: To determine the best carrier and modulating frequencies to evoke steady-state myogenic responses.

Dural defect repair in translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma surgery and its implications in cerebrospinal fluid leak occurrence.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a complication that may occur after translabyrinthine (translab) acoustic neuroma (AN) removal. The aim of this study is to verify the incidence of CSF leak using two techniques for dural defect closure in translab AN surgery and present a new technique for dural repair. A retrospective study was held, reviewing charts of 34 patients in a tertiary neurotologic referral center.

A pilot study on the evaluation of postural strategies in young and elderly subjects using a tridimensional electromagnetic system.

Unlabelled: One resorts to various postural strategies while attempting to maintain balance.

Objective: To assess the postural strategies adopted by young and elderly subjects in varying sensory conditions by using a system of tridimensional electromagnetic sensors positioned on the projection of the first thoracic vertebra and on the sacral region. Postural oscillation values for young and elderly subjects were also reported.

Software for subjective visual vertical assessment: an observational cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: Spatial orientation in relation to the gravitational axis is significantly important for the maintenance of the posture, gait and for most of the human's motor activities. The subjective visual vertical exam evaluates the individual's perception of vertical orientation.

Objectives: The aims of this study were (1) to develop a virtual system to evaluate the subjective visual vertical exam, (2) to provide a simple tool to clinical practice and (3) to assess the subjective visual vertical values of healthy subjects using the new software.

A new method to analyze the subjective visual vertical in patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the subjective visual vertical in patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction and to propose a new method to analyze subjective visual vertical data in these patients.

Methods: Static subjective visual vertical tests were performed in 40 subjects split into two groups. Group A consisted of 20 healthy volunteers, and Group B consisted of 20 patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction.

Static postural balance study in patients with vestibular disorders using a three dimensional electromagnetic sensor system.

Unlabelled: The vestibular-ocular reflex assessment is important, but not enough. Tridimensional electromagnetic sensor systems represent a new method to assess posturography.

Aim: To assess body sway in healthy subjects who had positive Dix Hallpike and Epley maneuvers and with other vestibular dysfunctions by means of a three-dimensional system.

Obese elderly women exhibit low postural stability: a novel three-dimensional evaluation system.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the multisegmental static postural balance of active eutrophic and obese elderly women using a three-dimensional system under different sensory conditions.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 31 elderly women (16 eutrophic and 15 obese) aged 65 to 75 years. The following anthropometric measurements were obtained: weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and handgrip strength.

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials using low frequency stimuli.

Unlabelled: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are vestibulocervical reflexes resulting from sacculus stimulation with strong intensity sounds. Normality parameters are necessary for young normal individuals, using low frequency stimuli, which configure the most sensitive region of this sensory organ.

Aim: To establish vestibular evoked myogenic potential standards for low frequency stimulation.

The use of a neck brace does not influence visual vertical perception.

Unlabelled: Subjective visual vertical (SVV) evaluates the individual's capacity to determine the vertical orientation. Using a neck brace (NB) allow volunteers' heads fixation to reduce cephalic tilt during the exam, preventing compensatory ocular torsion and erroneous influence on SVV result.

Objective: To analyze the influence of somatosensory inputs caused by a NB on the SVV.

Saccular sensitivity function measured by vestibular evoked myogenic potential.

Conclusions: Vestibular myogenic potential responses were present when evoked by tone burst stimuli of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz; however, they were more effective for low-frequency stimuli.

Objectives: Few studies refer to specific frequency sensitivities of the saccular afferents. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to analyze p13 and n23 latency and amplitude parameters of vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) captured with tone bursts at frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz.

Analysis of static postural balance using a 3d electromagnetic system.

Unlabelled: Early detection of postural disorders is essential for timely interventions in patients with imbalance.

Aim: A pilot study describing a new tool for evaluating static postural balance.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study of a contemporary series.

Saccadic movements in subjects with cerebellar disorders.

Unlabelled: Saccades are part of the electrooculography tests battery. The cerebellum has important connections with the brainstem and thalamic structures involved in the generation of saccades.

Aim: to study saccadic movements in subjects with cerebellar disorders.

Vestibular evoked myogenic potential: recording methods in humans and guinea pigs.

Unlabelled: The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is a clinical test that assess the vestibular function by means of an inhibitory vestibulo-neck reflex, recorded in body muscles in response to high intensity acoustic stimuli.

Aim: To check and analyze the different methods used to record VEMPs in humans and in guinea pigs.

Materials And Methods: We researched the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, SCIELO and COCHRANE.

Human variability of fMRI brain activation in response to oculomotor stimuli.

Assessing interindividual variability of brain activation is of practical importance to the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the clinical context. The main objective of this study is to analyze the variability of the oculomotor system through horizontal optokinetic, pursuit and saccadic eye movement stimulations by means of fMRI. We found significant activation of many cortical and subcortical structures.

Auditory Middle Latency Responses: a study of healthy children.

Aim: To examine the components of auditory middle latency responses (AMLRs) in a sample of healthy children to establish their properties.

Methods: Thirty-two children of both genders aged between 10 to 13 years, with no neurological disorders, were included in the study. Data were analyzed statistically by descriptive statistics (mean + SD) and by analysis of variance using the F test.

Pushing behavior and hemiparesis: which is critical for functional recovery in pusher patients ? Case report.

We report a sequential neuroimaging study in a 48-years-old man with a history of chronic hypertension and lacunar strokes involving the ventral lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. The patient developed mild hemiparesis and severe contraversive pushing behavior after an acute hemorrhage affecting the right thalamus. Following standard motor physiotherapy, the pusher behavior completely resolved 3 months after the onset and, at that time, he had a Barthel Index of 85, although mild left hemiparesis was still present.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve post-natal development in rats.

Studies on the normal pattern of development and post-natal maturation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in rats are scanty. The aim of the present study was to investigate the normal microscopic aspects of the recurrent laryngeal nerve myelinated fibers in the post-natal developing rat, with special attention to longitudinal morphology and lateral symmetry. Fifteen male rats were divided into experimental groups according to age 20, 55, 76, 150 and 250 days.

Posture control in Pusher syndrome: influence of lateral semicircular canals.

Unlabelled: Pusher syndrome is an interesting disorder of balance in patients with encephalic lesions characterized by the peculiar behavior of actively pushing away from the non-hemiparetic side and resisting against passive correction, with a tendency to fall toward the paralyzed side. The role of vestibular system on the pushing behavior is not clear.

Aim: To evaluate horizontal semicircular canal function in patients with Pusher syndrome, using caloric and rotation tests.

Contraversive pushing in non-stroke patients.

Background: Pusher syndrome is a disorder of postural control observed in patients with right or left brain damage associated with hemiparesis. Those patients show a peculiar behavior of actively pushing away from the nonhemiparetic side and resisting against passive correction, with a tendency to fall toward the paralyzed side. Thus far this phenomenon has been exclusively associated with stroke patients.