DNA methylation profile of genes related to immune response in generalized periodontitis.

Background And Objective: Epigenetic events, as the DNA methylation, may be related to development of inflammatory diseases. Due to the important role of host's response in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the methylation profile of genes related to immune response in gingival tissues from patients with generalized periodontitis (GP) compared to healthy individuals.

Methods: Gingival tissues were collected from 20 individuals with GP and 20 healthy individuals.

Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Serum Levels of IL-6 in Type 2 Diabetics: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this systematic review was to search for scientific evidence regarding the impact of periodontal therapy on serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in type 2 diabetics. A survey was conducted in five databases. Two researchers read titles and abstracts for initial selection and full text for inclusion.

Effect of compliance during periodontal maintenance therapy on levels of bacteria associated with periodontitis: A 6-year prospective study.

Background: It is well established that regular compliance during periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) maintains the stability of periodontal clinical parameters obtained after active periodontal therapy (APT). However, compliance during PMT has not yet been related to subgingival bacterial levels. Thus, this study followed individuals in PMT over 6 years and longitudinally evaluated the effects of compliance on periodontitis-associated bacterial levels and its relation to periodontal status.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in chronic periodontitis.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophic factor family. Outside the nervous system, BDNF has been shown to be expressed in various nonneural tissues, such as periodontal ligament, dental pulp, and odontoblasts. Although a role for BDNF in periodontal regeneration has been suggested, a function for BDNF in periodontal disease has not yet been studied.

Hypermethylation and low transcription of TLR2 gene in chronic periodontitis.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder characterized by interactions between periodontal pathogens and host's immune response. Epigenetic may contribute to disease development and outcome by influencing the expression of genes involved in the immune response. It has been shown that Toll-like receptors (TLR) play an important role in the response to periodontopathic bacteria.

Transcription factor STAT1 gene polymorphism is associated with the development of severe forms of periodontal disease.

Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases, affecting about 10 % of the world population. The establishment of PD is influenced by polymorphisms in genes involved with the inflammatory response. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-1 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in the intracellular signaling triggered by cytokines and, thus, its activation is critical in inflammatory diseases.

Expression, polymorphism and methylation pattern of interleukin-6 in periodontal tissues.

Periodontitis is considered an inflammatory disorder of bacterial etiology that results in periodontal tissue destruction, as a result of complex interactions between periodontal pathogens, host and immune response. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may modulate the individual response since it is able to influence the gene expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of -174 G/C polymorphism and the methylation status of the promoter region of IL-6 gene on the expression of IL-6 in gingival samples from individuals with chronic periodontitis.

Evaluation of IL17A expression and of IL17A, IL17F and IL23R gene polymorphisms in Brazilian individuals with periodontitis.

The IL23/Th17 axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cell-mediated tissue damage caused either by autoimmunity or immune responses against bacterial infection. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL17A, IL17F and IL23R genes have been associated with several inflammatory diseases. However, these polymorphisms have not yet been studied in periodontitis.

Halitosis in obese patients and those undergoing bariatric surgery.

Background: Patients undergoing bariatric surgery often complain of bad breath. However, the relationship between bariatric surgery and halitosis is relatively unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the occurrence of halitosis among patients before and after a specific type of bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and its relationship with the tongue coating index, plaque index, and salivary flow rate.

Peri-implant disease in subjects with and without preventive maintenance: a 5-year follow-up.

Aim: To determine the incidence of peri-implantitis in individuals with mucositis in a 5-year follow-up study.

Material And Methods: A sample of 212 partially edentulous individuals, rehabilitated with dental implants, underwent periodontal and peri-implant clinical examinations in 2005 (baseline). Five years later, 80 individuals who had been diagnosed with mucositis in the baseline examination were re-examined.

Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth: a review of the molecular, immune, and inflammatory features.

Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a side effect associated with some distinct classes of drugs, such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressant, and calcium channel blockers. GO is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in gingival connective tissues, particularly collagenous components, with varying degrees of inflammation. One of the main drugs associated with GO is the antiepileptic phenytoin, which affects gingival tissues by altering extracellular matrix metabolism.

Prospective study in periodontal maintenance therapy: comparative analysis between academic and private practices.

Background: This prospective study aims to evaluate and compare the periodontal status, periodontitis progression, tooth loss, and influence of predictable risk variables of two periodontal maintenance therapy programs over a 12-month period.

Methods: A total of 288 individuals diagnosed with chronic moderate-to-advanced periodontitis, who had finished active periodontal treatment, were evaluated in a public academic environment (AG) (n = 138), as well as in a private clinic (PG) (n = 150). A full-mouth periodontal examination was performed at baseline and at quadrimestral recalls, evaluating plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, furcation involvement, bleeding on probing (BOP), and suppuration.

Influence of obesity and bariatric surgery on the periodontal condition.

Background: Recent studies have shown that being overweight or obese is associated with a higher risk of periodontitis. However, the literature offers an insufficient number of published reports regarding the effect of bariatric surgery on oral health. As such, the present study aims to determine the association between periodontal status and being overweight/obese in prebariatric and postbariatric surgery populations of Brazil.

Periodontal risk assessment model in a sample of regular and irregular compliers under maintenance therapy: a 3-year prospective study.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of the periodontal risk assessment (PRA) model with the recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss during periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT).

Methods: In a prospective PMT program, 75 regular complier (RC) and 89 erratic complier (EC) patients were selected. A periodontal examination and PRA were performed after active periodontal therapy and after 3 years of PMT.

Association between severity of body mass index and periodontal condition in women.

This study evaluated the association between body mass index (BMI) and periodontal condition in a population of Brazilian women. A hospital convenience sample of 594 eligible women was recruited from a women's health reference center of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Four groups were formed considering BMI levels: BMI normal group (n = 352), overweight (n = 54), obesity level I (n = 48), obesity level II (n = 56), and obesity level III (n = 74).

Progression of periodontitis in a sample of regular and irregular compliers under maintenance therapy: a 3-year follow-up study.

Background: To our knowledge, prospective studies (matched for sex, smoking, and diabetes) that investigated the influence of compliance in the progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) programs were not previously reported.

Methods: A total of 58 regular complier (RC) and 58 erratic complier (EC) individuals were recruited from a prospective cohort with 238 patients under PMT and matched by sex, diabetes, and smoking habits. A full-mouth periodontal examination that included bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depths (PDs), clinical attachment levels, and number of teeth were determined at all PMT visits during a 3-year interval.

Oral impact on daily performance, personality traits, and compliance in periodontal maintenance therapy.

Background: To our knowledge, the association between personality traits and oral health impacts on daily activities among patients under periodontal maintenance was not previously evaluated. The present study aims to determine the oral health impacts among regular- and erratic-complier patients and their correlations with personality traits by means of the oral impacts on daily performance (OIDP) and the neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory (NEO FFI-R) instruments.

Methods: A total of 58 regular and 58 erratic compliers matched by sex, diabetes, and smoking were recruited from a cohort of 238 participants under periodontal maintenance.

Methylation pattern of IFN-γ and IL-10 genes in periodontal tissues.

Unlabelled: DNA methylation is characterized by the addition of methyl groups in cytosines within CpG islands. Unmethylated CpGs are related to transcriptionally active structure, whereas methylated CpG recruits methyl-binding proteins that promote chromatin compaction. DNA methylation can influence the expression of cytokines and affect the development of periodontal disease.

Aggressive and chronic periodontitis correlate with distinct cellular sources of key immunoregulatory cytokines.

Background: Chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AP) are inflammatory diseases and the main cause of dental loss in adults. We aimed to investigate the expression of adhesion molecules and the source of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in circulating mononuclear cells from patients with CP and AP.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls and CP or AP patients were collected.

Association between periodontal condition and use of tongue piercing: a case-control study.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the periodontal status and risk factors for gingival recession in individuals with tongue piercings.

Methods: Sixty cases (individuals with tongue piercings) and 120 controls (non-users) in Brazil, between 13 and 28 years of age, from both genders and a mix of races were selected. The clinical evaluation of patient oral health records included periodontal parameters and the presence of tooth fracture.

Quantification of five putative periodontal pathogens in female patients with and without chronic periodontitis by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Chronic periodontitis is a highly prevalent endogenous polymicrobial disease. To better understand the etiology of the disease a quantitative approach is mandatory and real-time PCR is the molecular technique currently preferred to achieve this purpose. Taking into account that such a kind of study is still scarce, we aimed to evaluate the association between periodontal microbiota and chronic periodontitis.

Impact of clinical experience on the accuracy of probing depth measurements.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of examiner experience on the variability of periodontal probing depth measurements obtained by conventional manual probing.

Method And Materials: Thirty subjects with a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis were evaluated by an experienced examiner using an electronic probe and randomly assigned to 3 groups. Examiners with different levels of experience (undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and associate professors) evaluated each group with a manual probe.

Gingival status of Brazilian renal transplant recipients under sirolimus-based regimens.

Background: Although the prevalence of gingival overgrowth (GO) in calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI) immunosuppressive regimens has been well documented, to the best of our knowledge data from sirolimus (SIR) regimens have not been described. We sought to investigate the gingival status of renal transplant recipients under SIR-based regimens with regard to the prevalence and potential risk variables associated with GO.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Maternal periodontitis as a potential risk variable for preeclampsia: a case-control study.

Background: Association studies between maternal periodontitis and an elevated risk for preeclampsia have shown conflicting results. The aims of the present case-control study were: 1) to evaluate the association between maternal periodontitis and preeclampsia before and after matching, assessing confounding and interaction; and 2) to evaluate the influence of the extent and severity of periodontal parameters, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL), in association with preeclampsia.

Methods: Initially, 1,206 Brazilian women were included and divided into a control group (1,042 non-preeclamptic women who gave birth to infants with adequate gestational age and birth weight) and a case group (164 preeclamptic women).

Intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and preterm birth: adverse pregnancy outcomes and their association with maternal periodontitis.

Background: It has been suggested that periodontitis is associated with systemic alterations such as adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, some conflicting results have been reported. This case-control study was conducted to determine the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).