Effectiveness of Clinpro XT in Reducing Dentin Permeability and its Resistance to Acid Challenges.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of Clinpro XT in reducing dentin permeability and the stability of this effect after different acid challenges.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-five roots of extracted human third molars were used. From each tooth, one dentin specimen was prepared and connected to a fluid filtration system to measure the dentin permeability after each of the following steps: sample preparation; treatment with 37% phosphoric acid; application of Clinpro XT; three acid challenges.

Topical application of bFGF on acid-conditioned and non-conditioned dentin: effect on cell proliferation and gene expression in cells relevant for periodontal regeneration.

Material And Methods: Periodontal regeneration is still a challenge in terms of predictability and magnitude of effect. In this study we assess the biological effects of combining chemical root conditioning and biological mediators on three relevant cell types for periodontal regeneration. Bovine dentin slices were conditioned with 25% citric acid followed by topical application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, 10 and 50 ng).

A microscopic analysis of the effects of root surface scaling with different power parameters of Er,Cr:YSGG laser.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different power parameters of an Erbium, Cromium: Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, Garnet laser (Er,Cr:YSGG laser) on the morphology, attachment of blood components (ABC), roughness, and wear on irradiated root surfaces. Sixty-five incisive bovine teeth were used in this study, 35 of which were used for the analysis of root surface morphology and ABC. The remaining 30 teeth were used for roughness and root wear analysis.

The smear layer created by scaling and root planing is physiologically eliminated in a biphasic process.

Mechanical instrumentation of the root surface causes the formation of a smear layer, which is a physical barrier that can affect periodontal regeneration. Although different procedures have been proposed to remove the smear layer, there is no information concerning how long the smear layer persists on root surfaces after instrumentation in vivo. This study assessed the presence of the smear layer on root surfaces over a 28-day period after subgingival instrumentation with hand instruments.

Preventive effect of a high fluoride toothpaste and arginine-carbonate toothpaste on dentinal tubules exposure followed by acid challenge: a dentine permeability evaluation.

Background: Considering the current high use of high fluoride toothpastes, the aim of the study was to quantify alterations in the root dentine permeability submitted to treatment with a high fluoride toothpaste and 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste as a preventive treatment for dentinal tubules exposure followed by acid challenge.

Methods: Thirty-third molars were sectioned below the cementoenamel. The root segments were connected to a hydraulic pressure apparatus to measure dentine permeability after the following sequential steps (n = 10 per group): I) Baseline; II) treatment with phosphoric acid for 30 s (maximum permeability); III) Toothbrushing (1 min) according to the experimental groups (G1- control; G2- 5000 ppm fluoride toothpaste; G3- 8% arginine-calcium carbonate toothpaste); IV) acid challenge for 5 min (orange juice).

Saliva substitutes in combination with high-fluoride gel on dentin remineralization.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the application of a high-fluoride gel could increase the remineralization of subsurface dentin lesions stored in saliva substitutes.

Materials And Methods: Demineralized bovine dentin specimens were stored in mineral water (W), Glandosane (G), or modified Saliva natura (SN). Different treatments were applied twice daily: no treatment, Elmex sensitive mouth rinse (E), ProSchmelz gel (P), Duraphat toothpaste (D), ED, PD, and EPD.

Effect of acid fruit juices combined with electric or sonic toothbrushing on root dentin permeability--an in vitro study.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantify the alterations on human root dentin permeability after exposure to different acid fruit juices and to evaluate the effect of toothbrushing with electric or sonic toothbrush after acid exposure. The root dentin of 50 extracted third molars was exposed with a high speed bur. Crowns were sectioned above the cementoenamel junction and root fragments were used to prepare dentin specimens.

Influence of nicotine and cotinine impregnation on the first step of periodontal regeneration: clot stabilization.

This study analyzes the clot stabilization on root surfaces of teeth impregnated with cotinine and nicotine and the influence of the scaling in the adhesion of blood components, observing the influence of new exposition to nicotine and/or cotinine after scaling. Fifteen human teeth extracted due to periodontal disease of non-smokers patients were selected and manually scaled. Four dentin blocks were obtained from each tooth (n = 60).

Wound healing of dehiscence defects following different root conditioning modalities: an experimental study in dogs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the periodontal healing pattern of dehiscence-type defects following different chemical root conditioning modalities.

Materials And Methods: Buccal osseous dehiscence defects were created on six teeth of seven dogs. After dental plaque accumulation, defects were treated with sterile saline solution (control group) or one chemical conditioning modality: citric acid (CA group), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA group), tetracycline (TTC group), citric acid + tetracycline (CA + TTC group), or tetracycline + citric acid (TTC + CA group).

Blood cells attachment after root conditioning and PRP application: an in vitro study.

Aim: Root conditioning is aimed at smear layer removal and at dental matrix collagen exposure, which may promote periodontal regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and the influence of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) application on adhesion of blood cells to the root surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Materials And Methods: Scaled root samples (n = 160) were set in five groups and conditioned with: group I - control group (saline solution); group II (EDTA 24%); group III (citric acid 25%); group IV (tetracycline hydrochloride 50 mg/ml); group V (sodium citrate 30%).

Influence of concentration, time and method of application of citric acid and sodium citrate in root conditioning.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the parameters of concentration, time and mode of application of citric acid and sodium citrate in relation to root conditioning.

Material And Methods: A total of 495 samples were obtained and equally distributed among 11 groups (5 for testing different concentrations of citric acid, 5 for testing different concentrations of sodium citrate and 1 control group). After laboratorial processing, the samples were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy.

Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG laser irradiation on the adhesion of blood components on the root surface and on root morphology.

The aim of this study was to conduct an in vitro evaluation, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of the adhesion of blood components on root surfaces irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG (2.78 µm) or Er:YAG (2.94 µm) laser, and of the irradiation effects on root surface morphology.

Influence of dental exposure to oral environment on smear layer removal and collagen exhibition after using different conditioning agents.

Although in vitro studies have shown encouraging results for root surface conditioning with demineralizing agents, in vivo studies have failed to show its benefits in periodontal healing. This can be attributed to several factors, among which, the hypermineralization of dental surface. Therefore, this in vitro study compared, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the effect of root surface conditioning with different conditioners (1% and 25% citric acid, 24% EDTA and 50 mg/mL tetracycline hydrochloride) in impacted teeth and in teeth that had their roots exposed to the oral environment.

Effect of instrumentation using curettes, piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler and Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the morphology and adhesion of blood components on root surfaces: a SEM study.

This study used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the morphology and adhesion of blood components on root surfaces instrumented by curettes, piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler and Er,Cr:YSGG laser. One hundred samples from 25 teeth were divided into 5 groups: 1) Curettes; 2) Piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler; 3) Curettes plus piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler; 4) Er,Cr:YSGG laser; 5) Curettes plus Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Ten samples from each group were used for analysis of root morphology and the other 10 were used for analysis of adhesion of blood components on root surface.

Smear layer removal for collagen fiber exposure after citric acid conditionings.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the removal of the smear layer and exposure of collagen fibers of the root surface following the application of five citric acid solution concentrations.

Methods And Materials: Two hundred seventy (270) samples were equally divided into six groups (n=45) for treatment with saline solution (control) and five different concentrations of citric acid (0.5, 1, 2, 15, and 25 percent).

Effect of an acid diet allied to sonic toothbrushing on root dentin permeability: an in vitro study.

This study quantified alterations in root dentin permeability after exposure to different acid beverages. Twenty-five third molars were sectioned below the cementoenamel junction, the root segment was collected, and the pulp tissue was removed. The root segments were connected to a hydraulic pressure apparatus to measure the permeability of root dentin after the following sequential steps, with 5 specimens in each: 1) phosphoric acid etching for 30 s (maximum permeability), 2) root planning to create new smear layer, 3) exposure to different acid substances for 5 min (orange, cola drink, vinegar, white wine, lemon juice), 4) toothbrushing with sonic toothbrush for 3 min, 5) toothbrushing with sonic toothbrush plus dentifrice for 3 min.

Effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on root surfaces for adhesion of blood components and morphology.

Objective: This in vitro study evaluated the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on root surfaces for adhesion of blood components and morphology.

Background Data: No previous research has evaluated the biocompatibility of root surfaces irradiated by Er,Cr:YSGG laser.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen teeth were studied from nonsmoking patients with severe periodontal disease.

Influence of the angle of irradiation of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the morphology, attachment of blood components, roughness, and root wear: in vitro study.

Background And Objectives: To evaluate the influence of the working tip angulation of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the morphology, attachment of blood components, roughness, and wear on irradiated root surfaces compared to scaling and root planing (SRP).

Study Design/materials And Methods: The present study used 45 teeth, of which 25 were used for the analysis of the morphology and the attachment of blood components and 20 were used for the analysis of the roughness and of the root wear. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups according to the treatment applied: (G1) Laser Er,Cr:YSGG-30°; (G2) Laser Er,Cr:YSGG-45°; (G3) Laser Er,Cr:YSGG-60°; (G4) Laser Er,Cr:YSGG-90°; and (G5) SRP.

Influence of root-surface conditioning with acid and chelating agents on clot stabilization.

Objective: To compare the adhesion and maturation of blood components on chemically conditioned root surfaces.

Method And Materials: Clinical root samples of human teeth were obtained (n = 150) and manually scaled. Five groups of 30 samples were treated as follows: (1) saline solution irrigation (control); (2) 24% EDTA gel; (3) 25% citric acid solution; (4) tetracycline solution (50 mg/mL); and (5) 30% sodium citrate solution.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of dietary acids and toothbrushing on human root dentin permeability.

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantify the alterations in human root dentin permeability after exposure to dietary acids and to evaluate the effect of toothbrushing after acid application.

Method And Materials: Extracted human third molars had their crowns sectioned above the CEJ, pulp tissue removed, and cervical root dentin exposed using a high-speed bur (approximately 1 mm in depth of substance loss). From each root fragment, one specimen was prepared.

Smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure using tetracycline hydrochloride conditioning.

Aim: Smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure may improve periodontal treatment and regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal and collagen fiber exposure after tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC) application on root surfaces using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Methods And Materials: Root cementum was removed with diamond burs followed by scaling and root planning.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of natural orange juices on dentin morphology.

The patient's diet has been considered an important etiological factor of dentin hypersensitivity. The frequent ingestion of acidic substances can promote the loss of dental structure or remove the smear layer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of smear layer removal and dentinal tubules exposure by different natural orange juices.

Scanning electron microscope assessment of several resharpening techniques on the cutting edges of Gracey curettes.

Aim: Treatment of periodontal diseases is based on efficient scaling and root planing (SRP) and adequate maintenance of the patient. The effectiveness of SRP is influenced by operator skill, access to the subgingival area, root anatomy, and the quality and type of instrument used for SRP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cutting edges of Gracey curettes after manufacturing and after resharpening using several techniques.

Blood cell attachment to root surfaces treated with EDTA gel.

Root debridement generates a smear layer which contains microorganisms and toxins that could interfere in periodontal healing. For this reason, different substances have been used to remove it and to expose collagen fibers at the tooth surface. Blood element adhesion to demineralized roots and clot stabilization by collagen fibers are extremely important for the success of periodontal surgery.