Modulation of tumor plasticity by senescent cells: Deciphering basic mechanisms and survival pathways to unravel therapeutic options.

Senescence is a cellular state in which the cell loses its proliferative capacity, often irreversibly. Physiologically, it occurs due to a limited capacity of cell division associated with telomere shortening, the so-called replicative senescence. It can also be induced early due to DNA damage, oncogenic activation, oxidative stress, or damage to other cellular components (collectively named induced senescence).

Subcellular structure, heterogeneity, and plasticity of senescent cells.

Cellular senescence is a state of permanent growth arrest. It can be triggered by telomere shortening (replicative senescence) or prematurely induced by stresses such as DNA damage, oncogene overactivation, loss of tumor suppressor genes, oxidative stress, tissue factors, and others. Advances in techniques and experimental designs have provided new evidence about the biology of senescent cells (SnCs) and their importance in human health and disease.

Molecular weight-dependent antitumor effects of prunes-derived type I arabinogalactan on human and murine triple wild-type melanomas.

The regulation of metastasis-related cellular aspects of two structurally similar AGIs from prunes tea infusion, with different molar masses, was studied in vitro against Triple Wild-Type metastatic melanoma (TWM) from murine and human origin. The higher molar mass AGI (AGI-78KDa) induced TWMs cells death and, in murine cell line, it decreased some metastasis-related cellular processes: invasiveness capacity, cell-extracellular matrix interaction, and colonies sizes. The lower molar mass AGI (AGI-12KDa) did not induce cell death but decreased TWMs proliferation rate and, in murine cell line, it decreased cell adhesion and colonies sizes.

Exposure to coal mining can lead to imbalanced levels of inorganic elements and DNA damage in individuals living near open-pit mining sites.

Coal mining activities are considered harmful to living organisms. These activities release compounds to the environment, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and oxides, which can cause oxidative damage to DNA. In this study, we compared the DNA damage and the chemical composition of peripherical blood of 150 individuals exposed to coal mining residues and 120 non-exposed individuals.

Whole-Exome Sequencing Indicated New Candidate Genes Associated with Unilateral Cryptorchidism in Pigs.

Introduction: Cryptorchidism is a hereditary anomaly characterized by the incomplete descent of one or both testicles to the scrotum. One of the challenges of this anomaly is that the retained testicle maintains its endocrine function. As a consequence, cryptorchid animals produce hormone-tainted meat in comparison to castrated animals and are likely to be more aggressive.

Resistance Training Modulates Reticulum Endoplasmic Stress, Independent of Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses, in Elderly People.

Aging is related to changes in the redox status, low-grade inflammation, and decreased endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR). Exercise has been shown to regulate the inflammatory response, balance redox homeostasis, and ameliorate the UPR. This work aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training on changes in the UPR, oxidative status, and inflammatory responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly subjects.

Vincristine promotes differential levels of apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, and senescence depending on the genetic background of glioblastoma cells.

Vincristine (VCR) is a classical chemotherapeutic that has been revisited to treat refractory solid tumors producing encouraging results. VCR binds to tubulin and decreases the rate of microtubule dynamics, thus triggering many cellular responses and behaviors. However, the dynamics of these responses and fates are uncharacterized.

Molecular markers associated with the outcome of tamoxifen treatment in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients: scoping review and in silico analysis.

Tamoxifen (TMX) is used as adjuvant therapy for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cases due to its affinity and inhibitory effects. However, about 30% of cases show drug resistance, resulting in recurrence and metastasis, the leading causes of death. A literature review can help to elucidate the main cellular processes involved in TMX resistance.

Cystic Fibrosis: Systems Biology Analysis from Homozygous p.Phe508del Variant Patients' Samples Reveals Perturbations in Tissue-Specific Pathways.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder, caused by diverse genetic variants for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Among these, p.Phe508del is the most prevalent variant.

Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Tobacco and Alcohol in Oral Mucosa Cells: A Pilot Study.

Aim And Objective: To define the genotoxic potential of tobacco and alcohol in the oral mucosa through a micronuclei (MN) test.

Materials And Methods: Samples of exfoliative cells from oral mucosa were collected using superficial scraping of the right- and left-cheek mucosa of 83 patients divided into four groups, namely: (G1) 24 individuals abstaining from tobacco and alcoholic beverages; (G2) 23 individuals who smoke and abstain from alcoholic beverages; (G3) 24 smokers and alcoholics; and (G4) 12 individuals who consume alcohol and abstain from tobacco. The samples were stained with Giemsa-Wright, and the frequencies of MN, binucleated cells, and metanuclear changes were recorded in the samples of each group (1,000 cells per patient).

Diclofenac Administration after Physical Training Blunts Adaptations of Peripheral Systems and Leads to Losses in Exercise Performance: In Vivo and In Silico Analyses.

Recovery in athletes is hampered by soreness and fatigue. Consequently, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used as an effective strategy to maintain high performance. However, impact of these drugs on adaptations induced by training remains unknown.

Influence of smoking on oral cells genotoxicity after at-home bleaching using 22% carbamide peroxide: a cohort study.

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of smoking on the oral cells genotoxicity before and after at-home bleaching using 22% carbamide peroxide (CP).

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective observational analytics cohort study which evaluated nonsmokers (NS; n = 24) and smokers (S; n = 16) patients. At-home bleaching was performed using 22% CP gel in individual trays for 1 h per day for 14 days in both groups.

Cellular Mechanisms Triggered by the Cotreatment of Resveratrol and Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer: A Translational In Vitro-In Silico Model.

Doxorubicin (Doxo) is the most effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer. However, resistance to Doxo is common. Adjuvant compounds capable of modulating mechanisms involved in Doxo resistance may potentiate the effectiveness of the drug.

A molecular strategy to optimize bovine tuberculosis post-mortem diagnosis and the exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis, for which the definitive diagnosis is accomplished by bacterial isolation, which has biosafety issues and requires long time. Thus, diagnostic methods with potential to be faster and more efficient can represent an advance in bTB epidemiological knowledge and decrease exposure to M.

Novel frameshift variant of the CFTR gene: S511Lfs*2 from phenotype to molecular predictions.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. There are over 2,000 different pathogenic and non-pathogenic variants described in association with a broad clinical heterogeneity. In this work, we identified a novel variant S511Lfs*2 in CFTR gene that has not been reported in patients with CF.

Cystic Fibrosis: A Simple and Customized Strategy for Genetic Screening Able to Detect Over 90% of Identified Mutated Alleles in Brazilian Newborns.

Introduction: The incorporation of molecular genetic testing into cystic fibrosis (CF) screening programs increases the specificity of the diagnostic strategy and has the potential to decrease the rate of false- positive results. In this sense, our objective was to develop a genotyping assay that could detect 25 pathogenic variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene with high sensitivity and that could be incorporated into the routine of newborn screening, complementing the current existing protocol used in our public health institution.

Methods: A mini-sequencing assay was standardized using single-base extension in a previously genotyped control sample.

Diphenyl Ditelluride: Redox-Modulating and Antiproliferative Properties.

Tellurium is a rare element that has been regarded as a toxic, nonessential element, and its biological role is not clearly established. In addition, the biological effects of elemental tellurium and some of its organic and inorganic derivatives have been studied, leading to a set of interesting and promising applications. Diphenyl ditelluride (DPDT), an organic tellurium derivate, showed antioxidant, antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties.

Microbiota-derived acetate protects against respiratory syncytial virus infection through a GPR43-type 1 interferon response.

Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants <2 years-old. Here we describe that high-fiber diet protects mice from RSV infection. This effect was dependent on intestinal microbiota and production of acetate.

Genomic mosaicism: A neglected factor that promotes variability in asthma diagnosis.

To elucidate the genetic architecture of asthma continues to be a challenge for molecular biologists and medical researchers. However, powerful genomic technologies are at disposal to help decipher complete human genomes; the genetic variability in asthma hinders the discovery of common molecular markers for this disease. In this context, we purpose to explore genomic mosaicism on asthma cells' biology as a strategy to discover key mechanisms, which can complement or re-define asthma diagnosis.

The most relevant chromosomal abnormalities in the north of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: 26 years of cytogenetic analysis.

From 1992 to 2018, cytogenetic analyses were successfully performed to explore the chromosomal abnormalities of 729 patients, who utilised a pioneering counselling service in the city of Passo Fundo in the northern part of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. This city is characterised by a large conglomerate of private and public hospitals. A classical cytogenetic analysis and G-banding were performed using the patient samples.

A systemic approach to identify signaling pathways activated during short-term exposure to traffic-related urban air pollution from human blood.

The molecular mechanisms that promote pathologic alterations in human physiology mediated by short-term exposure to traffic pollutants remains not well understood. This work was to develop mechanistic networks to determine which specific pathways are activated by real-world exposures of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during rest and moderate physical activity (PA). A controlled crossover study to compare whole blood gene expression pre and post short-term exposure to high and low of TRAP was performed together with systems biology analysis.

Vaccination with RSV M peptide promotes a protective immune response associated with reduced pulmonary inflammation.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common etiologic agent in severe infections of the lower respiratory tract in children with a high mortality rate. However, there are still no licensed vaccines for RSV. In this study, we investigated a putative vaccine based on M peptide.