High-resolution rovibrational and rotational spectroscopy of the singly deuterated cyclopropenyl cation, c-CHD.

Applying a novel action spectroscopic technique in a 4 K cryogenic ion-trap instrument, the molecule c-CHD has been investigated by high-resolution rovibrational and pure rotational spectroscopy for the first time. In total, 126 rovibrational transitions within the fundamental band of the symmetric C-H stretch were measured with a band origin centred at 3168.565 cm, which were used to predict pure rotational transition frequencies in the ground vibrational state.

Rovibrational spectroscopy of the CH-He and CH-He complexes.

A cryogenic 22-pole ion trap apparatus is used in combination with a table-top pulsed IR source to probe weakly bound CH-He and CH-He complexes by predissociation spectroscopy at 4 K. The infrared photodissociation spectra of the C-H stretching vibrations are recorded in the range of 2720-2800 cm. The spectrum of CH-He exhibits perpendicular transitions of a near prolate top with a band origin at 2745.

High-resolution infrared action spectroscopy of the fundamental vibrational band of CN.

Rotational-vibrational transitions of the fundamental vibrational modes of the CN and CN cations have been observed for the first time using a cryogenic ion trap apparatus with an action spectroscopy scheme. The lines (3) to (3) of CN and (1) to (3) of CN have been measured, limited by the trap temperature of approximately 4 K and the restricted tuning range of the infrared laser. Spectroscopic parameters are presented for both isotopologues, with band origins at 2000.

Effects of an Autonomy-Supportive Physical Activity Program for Compensatory Care Students During Recess Time.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a physical activity-based intervention conducted during recess time for Spanish students with special needs. The intervention was designed to utilize an autonomy-supportive motivational style to promote feelings of autonomy and to contribute to increased physical activity involvement in these students. Participants were 62 students in the fifth and sixth year of elementary school, with ages between 10 and 12 years ( = 10.

Accurate Rotational Rest Frequencies for Ammonium Ion Isotopologues.

We report rest frequencies for rotational transitions of the deuterated ammonium isotopologues NHD, and , measured in a cryogenic ion trap machine. For the symmetric tops NHD and one and three transitions are detected, respectively, and five transitions are detected for the asymmetric top . While the lowest frequency transition of NHD was already known in the laboratory and space, this work enables the future radio astronomical detection of the two other isotopologues.

First Laboratory Detection of Vibration-Rotation Transitions of CH and CH and Improved Measurement of their Rotational Transition Frequencies.

The long-searched C-H stretches of the fundamental ions CH and CH have been observed for the first time in the laboratory. For this, the state-dependent attachment of He atoms to these ions at cryogenic temperatures has been exploited to obtain high-resolution rovibrational data. In addition, the lowest rotational transitions of CH, CH and CD have been revisited and their rest frequency values improved substantially.

Accurate Frequency Determination of Vibration-Rotation and Rotational Transitions of SiH.

The fundamental SiH ion has been characterized in a collaborative work, utilizing a hollow-cathode-discharge laser-spectrometer and a cryogenic ion trap spectrometer. Twenty-three vibration-rotation transitions around 4.75 m have been detected with high accuracy.

Silicon Nitride Photonic Integration Platforms for Visible, Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Applications.

Silicon nitride photonics is on the rise owing to the broadband nature of the material, allowing applications of biophotonics, tele/datacom, optical signal processing and sensing, from visible, through near to mid-infrared wavelengths. In this paper, a review of the state of the art of silicon nitride strip waveguide platforms is provided, alongside the experimental results on the development of a versatile 300 nm guiding film height silicon nitride platform.

Ion kinetics in Ar/H cold plasmas: the relevance of ArH.

The recent discovery of ArH in the interstellar medium has awakened the interest in the chemistry of this ion. In this work, the ion-molecule kinetics of cold plasmas of Ar/H is investigated in glow discharges spanning the whole range of [H]/([H]+[Ar]) proportions for two pressures, 1.5 and 8 Pa.

Two-port multimode interference reflectors based on aluminium mirrors in a thick SOI platform.

Multimode interference reflectors (MIRs) were recently introduced as a new type of photonic integrated devices for on-chip, broadband light reflection. In the original proposal, different MIRs were demonstrated based on total internal reflection mirrors made of two deep-etched facets. Although simpler to fabricate, this approach imposes certain limits on the shape of the field pattern at the reflecting facets, which in turn restricts the types of MIRs that can be implemented.

An improved cryopreservation method for porcine buccal mucosa in ex vivo drug permeation studies using Franz diffusion cells.

The use of isolated animal models to assess percutaneous absorption of molecules is frequently reported. The porcine buccal mucosa has been proposed as a substitute for the buccal mucosa barrier on ex vivo permeability studies avoiding unnecessary sacrifice of animals. But it is not always easy to obtain fresh buccal mucosa.

A comparative ex vivo drug permeation study of beta-blockers through porcine buccal mucosa.

Apparent permeability coefficients (kp) of a series of beta-blockers: acebutolol, atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol, oxprenolol and propranolol, through porcine buccal mucosa were determined. The aim of the study was to determine the permeation parameters (apparent permeability coefficient, kp; flux, J; and lag time, TL) as a measure of the intrinsic permeability of porcine buccal mucosa to these drugs, in order to predict the efficacy of their possible administration through human buccal mucosa. A positive linear correlation was observed between the apparent permeability coefficient, kpand the partition coefficient, P.

Sensitivity enhancement in high resolution stimulated Raman spectroscopy of gases with hollow-core photonic crystal fibers.

We show the first experimental evidence of the sensitivity enhancement that can be achieved in high resolution stimulated Raman spectroscopy of gases using hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HCPCFs). Using low power cw lasers and a HCPCF containing the gas, we have observed more than four orders of magnitude enhancement of sensitivity when compared with the cw single focus regime, and a similar sensitivity to that achieved in the more sensitive quasi-cw setups with multipass cells.

Direct determination of state-to-state rotational energy transfer rate constants via a Raman-Raman double resonance technique: ortho-acetylene in v(2)=1 at 155 K.

A new technique for the direct determination of state-to-state rotational energy transfer rate constants in the gas phase is presented. It is based on two sequential stimulated Raman processes: the first one prepares the sample in a single rotational state of an excited vibrational level, and the second one, using the high resolution quasi-continuous stimulated Raman-loss technique, monitors the transfer of population to other rotational states of the same vibrational level as a function of the delay between the pump and the probe stages. The technique is applied to the odd-J rotational states of v(2)=1 acetylene at 155 K.

Synthesis of coupled resonator optical waveguides by cavity aggregation.

In this paper, the layer aggregation method is applied to coupled resonator optical waveguides. Starting from the frequency transfer function, the method yields the coupling constants between the resonators. The convergence of the algorithm developed is examined and the related parameters discussed.

The longitudinal offset technique for apodization of coupled resonator optical waveguide devices: concept and fabrication tolerance analysis.

In this paper, a novel technique to set the coupling constant between cells of a coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) device, in order to tailor the filter response, is presented. The technique is demonstrated by simulation assuming a racetrack ring resonator geometry. It consists on changing the effective length of the coupling section by applying a longitudinal offset between the resonators.

Brief mental health screening questionnaire for children and adolescents in primary care settings.

Unlabelled: Early detection of mental health problems is important. The implication of primary care professionals and the adequacy of instruments could be of great help.

Objective: To study the validity of a brief questionnaire based on psychosocial functioning to detect mental health problems in a high-risk general population.

What single reports from children and parents aggregate to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder diagnoses in epidemiological studies.

Objective: To analyze information on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and its consequences, provided separately or in combination by children and their parents in a longitudinal prospective study of 9-15 year-old children from the general population.

Method: Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological indexes were compared for single and multiple reports. We evaluated which informant is required for the identification of each DSM-IV criterion.

[Morphometric study of the mastoid segment of the facial nerve].

Objective: Our study emphasizes the relationship between the temporal bone structures and the mastoid portion of the facial nerve.

Material And Methods: Thirty-two temporal bones taken from adult cadavers of both sexes subjected to tympanoplastic procedure were used to make reference measures of the mastoid portion of the facial nerve. Appropriate instruments were used for measurement and statistic analysis was subsequently performed.

Features associated with the non-participation and drop out by socially-at-risk children and adolescents in mental-health epidemiological studies.

Objective: To study socio-demographic and functional features related with non-collaboration in a longitudinal design of mental health within a high-risk population of individuals 9 and 13 years old.

Method: Regression analyses were used to assess factors affecting the decision to decline participation, and what characteristics both of children and families increase the probability of dropping out once the study had already started.

Results: Refusal of participation at the outset is more probable for lower socioeconomic groups, unemployed families (or with Social Security benefits), minority cultures and children having low school performance.

Design of poly(ethylene glycol)-tethered copolymers as novel mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.

We developed novel acrylic-based polymers that can be used as mucoadhesive delivery systems. Poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels were modified by grafting adhesion promoter chains such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) onto their back-bone chains, thus promoting the adhesive process by interpenetration. The copolymers synthesized were designated as P(AA-g-EG).

Assessment of diclofenac permeation with different formulations: anti-inflammatory study of a selected formula.

The aim of this study was to improve the transdermal permeation of sodium diclofenac. Permeation studies were carried out in vitro using human skin (0.4 mm thick) from plastic surgery as a membrane.