Glycerol as substrate and NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enable higher production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid through the β-alanine pathway in E. coli.

Microbial engineering is a promising way to produce3-HP using biorenewable substrates such as glycerol. However, theglycerol pathway to obtain 3-HPrequires vitamin B-12, which hinders its economic viability. The present work showed that 3-HP can be efficiently produced from glycerol through the β-alanine pathway.