Microwave radiation and thermal effects on the bioenergetics of isolated mitochondria.

Aims: This study proposes to investigate the effects of microwave radiation and its thermal effects, compared to thermal effects alone, on the bioenergetics of mitochondria isolated from mouse liver.

Methods: The main parameters investigated in this study are mitochondrial respiration (coupled states: S3 and S4; uncoupled state), using a high-resolution respirometer, and swelling, using a spectrophotometer.

Results: Mitochondria irradiated at 2.

Study of laser fluorescence spectroscopy in livers of rats with hypothermic ischemia.

Purpose: After partial hepatectomy (PH), the remaining liver (RL) undergoes regenerative response proportional to the host. Limited literature exists on hepatic viability after tissue injury during hypothermic preservation. Spectroscopy measures cellular fluorescence and is explored for tissue characterization and parameter investigation.

ERRATUM: Kidney decontamination during perfusion for transplantation procedure: In vitro and ex vivo viability analysis.

Organ transplantations have an increasing medical relevance. It is becoming a regular procedure with an increase in individuals waiting for organs. The increase in the number of discarded organs is mostly due to the donor's bacterial and/or viral infection.

Fluorescence spectroscopy for clinical transplantation liver grafts monitoring: possibilities offered by 408 nm excitation.

Purpose: Fluorescence spectroscopy techniques have been investigated aiming to reduce the invasiveness of methods for investigation of tissue. In transplantation procedures, it may offer the possibility of a complementary technique for the monitoring of liver grafts' conditions prior to and during the transplantation procedure stages involving cold perfusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate fluorescence spectroscopy under violet light excitation (408 nm) for the monitoring of clinical hypothermic liver transplantation procedures.

Kidney decontamination during perfusion for transplantation procedure: In vitro and ex vivo viability analysis.

Organ transplantations have an increasing medical relevance. It is becoming a regular procedure with an increase in individuals waiting for organs. The increase in the number of discarded organs is mostly due to the donor bacterial and/or viral infection.

Photodynamic and Sonodynamic Therapy with Protoporphyrin IX: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Sono-photodynamic therapy is a promising anticancer technique based on the combination of sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy to improve the cancer treatment effectiveness. This study was aimed at analyzing the effects of the sono-photodynamic (SPD) activity on protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) solution and PpIX-loaded rat liver. In vitro, PpIX 5 μM solutions were irradiated with light (635 nm, 30-50 mW/cm), ultrasound (1 MHz, 1-2 W/cm) and both.

Photodynamic therapy of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using digital cholangioscopy.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of an extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using a digital cholangioscopy to deliver the laser.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm that usually requires palliative biliary drainage. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been described as a successful adjunct treatment to malignant biliary obstruction.

Dissolving microneedles containing aminolevulinic acid improves protoporphyrin IX distribution.

One important limitation of topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the limited tissue penetration of precursors. Microneedles (MNs) are minimally invasive devices used to promote intradermal drug delivery. Dissolving MNs contain drug-associated to polymer blends, dissolving after insertion into skin, allowing drug release.

Temperature effect on the PpIX production during the use of topical precursors.

Decreasing incubation time, as well as enhanced PpIX production, are present challenges for topical photodynamic therapy (PDT). There are reports concerning the existence of a strong relationship between site temperature and porphyrin synthesis in biological tissue, that suggest temperature increase in the tissue can improve the formation of PpIX. The main objective of this study is to determine whether the temperature change of the tissue favors the production of PpIX.

Use of dermograph for improvement of PpIX precursor's delivery in photodynamic therapy: Experimental and clinical pilot studies.

Background: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. One of the main challenges of topical PDT is to increase the precursor penetration when applied on the lesion. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is an endogenous photosensitizer (PS) widely used, obtained by the administration of precursors such as aminolevulinic acid and methyl aminolevulinate.

Energy analysis of PDT using thermography during the treatment of basal cell carcinoma.

The changes in tissue temperature of basal cell carcinoma lesions were investigated during photodynamic therapy in order to better understand the effects and mechanisms of PDT in tissue. In this study, the monitoring of 40 lesions of basal cell carcinoma was performed during photodynamic therapy. The lesion region becomes thermally evident throughout the procedure, and there is an improved contrast of the lesion edges after the end of the irradiation.

Overall Results for a National Program of Photodynamic Therapy for Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Clinical Study to Bring New Techniques to Social Health Care.

Along the past years, a national program to implement photodynamic therapy (PDT) for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) was performed over the Brazilian territory. Using a strategy involving companies, national bank, and medical partners, equipment, medication, and protocols were tested in a multicenter study. With results collected over 6 years, we could reach a great deal of advances concerning the use of PDT for skin cancer.

Topical and intradermal delivery of PpIX precursors for photodynamic therapy with intense pulsed light on porcine skin model.

In order to purposely decrease the time of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) sessions, this study evaluated the effects of PDT using topical and intradermal delivery of two protoporphyrin (PpIX) precursors with intense pulsed light (IPL) as irradiation source. This study was performed on porcine skin model, using an IPL commercial device (Intense Pulse Light, HKS801). IPL effect on different administration methods of two PpIX precursors (ALA and MAL) was investigated: a topical cream application and an intradermal application using a needle-free, high-pressure injection system.

Prophylactic application of laser light restores L-FABP expression in the livers of rats submitted to partial ischemia.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of pre-conditioning treatment with laser light on hepatic injury in rats submitted to partial ischemia using mitochondrial function and liver fatty acid binding protein as markers.

Methods: Rats were divided into four groups (n=5): 1) Control, 2) Control + Laser, 3) Partial Ischemia and 4) Partial Ischemia + Laser. Ischemia was induced by clamping the hepatic pedicle of the left and middle lobes of the liver for 60 minutes.

Optical techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of lesions induced by the human papillomavirus - A resource letter.

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the most common sexually-transmitted virus, and carcinogenic HPV strains are reported to be responsible for virtually all cases of cervical cancer and its precursor, the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). About 30% of the sexually active population are considered to be affected by HPV. Around 600 million people are estimated to be infected worldwide.

A threshold dose distribution approach for the study of PDT resistance development: A threshold distribution approach for the study of PDT resistance.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique with well-established principles that often demands repeated applications for sequential elimination of tumor cells. An important question concerns the way surviving cells from a treatment behave in the subsequent one. Threshold dose is a core concept in PDT dosimetry, as the minimum amount of energy to be delivered for cell destruction via PDT.

PDT and emerging therapies for Actinic Keratosis-A resource letter.

Aktinic Keratosis is common and if left untreated may develop into life threatening squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore early intervention is the standard of care. While many treatments are available PDT continues to move to the for - front for this indication (Brito et al.

Effect of irradiation with different laser wavelengths on oxidative stress of non-hepatectomized rats.

Purpose: To assess the effect of two laser wavelengths, either separate or combined, on intact rat livers.

Method: Nineteen male Wistar rats (200-300 g) were submitted to laser irradiation at 5 different sites on the liver surface.Wavelengths 660 and 780 nm were used, with a dose of irradiation of 60 J/cm2/site.

Photodynamic therapy: Progress toward a scientific and clinical network in Latin America.

Cancer is one of the major challenges for Latin America health services, since the skin cancer is the most frequent lesion. This manuscript addresses an initiative for the treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) by photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on a government-funded national program in Brazil. The program provides clinical training and facilitates access to drugs/equipment and significantly reduces PDT costs.

Experience and BCC subtypes as determinants of MAL-PDT response: preliminary results of a national Brazilian project.

Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in Brazil and worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive technique with excellent cosmetic outcome and good curative results, when used for the initial stages of skin cancer. A Brazilian program was established to determine the efficacy of methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)-PDT, using Brazilian device and drug.

Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of induced mammary tumor in rats.

The objective of this work was to evaluate photodynamic therapy (PDT) by using a hematoporphyrin derivative as a photosensitizer and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as light source in induced mammary tumors of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Twenty SD rats with mammary tumors induced by DMBA were used. Animals were divided into four groups: control (G1), PDT only (G2), surgical removal of tumor (G3), and submitted to PDT immediately after surgical removal of tumor (G4).

Non-homogeneous liver distribution of photosensitizer and its consequence for photodynamic therapy outcome.

Background: Photodynamic therapy is mainly used for treatment of malignant lesions, and is based on selective location of a photosensitizer in the tumor tissue, followed by light at wavelengths matching the photosensitizer absorption spectrum. In molecular oxygen presence, reactive oxygen species are generated, inducing cells to die. One of the limitations of photodynamic therapy is the variability of photosensitizer concentration observed in systemically photosensitized tissues, mainly due to differences of the tissue architecture, cell lines, and pharmacokinetics.