Bone metastasis as the first symptom of tumors: role of an immunohistochemistry study in establishing primary tumor.

Objectives: To determine the role of immunohistochemistry in identifying the primary site of tumors, and in establishing which bones are most frequently involved, their relationship with the primary tumor site, and the rate of pathologic bone fracture as the first symptom of a malignant tumor.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all medical records on bone metastases the cases treated between January 2006 and December 2011 at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology was performed.

Results: Immunohistochemistry correctly determined the primary tumor site in 61.

Neuroendocrine tumors: An epidemiological study of 250 cases at a tertiary hospital.

Objective: To compare the frequency of neuroendocrine tumors in our service with that reported in the literature considering age, gender, location, degree of differentiation and increase in incidence by means of a retrospective study.

Method: Search of variables from a database of neuroendocrine tumor cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathological Sciences, Hospital da Santa Casa de São Paulo over the past 10 years, relating them to epidemiological data such as gender, age, distribution across organs, most-used immunohistochemical markers and presence or absence of either lymph node or distant metastases.

Results: In all, 250 cases were reviewed, 133 involving females, predominantly in the 61-70 age range.

[A rare mediastinum tumor: hamartoma].

In the present paper we report a case of mediastinal tumor which we believe has never been reported. Since surgical treatment, the patient presented good evolution. We discuss the presentation, differential diagnosis and therapy.

Extramedullary nasal plasmacytoma: Literature review and a rare case report.

Introduction:  Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a plasma cell tumor that grows within any of the soft tissues of the organism. Similar to all plasmacytic dyscrasia, the disease is extremely rare.

Aim:  This study reports a case of an extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity and provides a literature review on the topic.

Nasal paraganglioma: A case report and literature review.

Introduction:  Paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors that most commonly originate in the adrenal gland, a type that is called pheochromocytoma; however, 5-10% of paragangliomas are extra-adrenal and may arise in any area between the neck and pelvic region along the sympathetic nervous system. Those located in the head and neck comprise 3% of extra-adrenal tumors, with the majority originating in the tympanic-jugular region and carotid body.

Objective:  To present a rare case of nasal paraganglioma and review the literature.

Results of the Brazilian Osteosarcoma Treatment Group Studies III and IV: prognostic factors and impact on survival.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of chemotherapy and surgery on the outcome of osteosarcoma (OS) of the extremities and to identify prognostic factors in Brazilian patients.

Patients And Methods: A total of 225 patients with metastatic and nonmetastatic OS of the extremities were enrolled and assessed in two consecutive studies designed and implemented by the Brazilian Osteosarcoma Treatment Group.

Results: The 5-year survival and event-free survival rates for the 209 assessable patients were 50.