Smart Machine Vision for Universal Spatial-Mode Reconstruction.

Structured light beams, in particular, those carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), have gained a lot of attention due to their potential for enlarging the transmission capabilities of communication systems. However, the use of OAM-carrying light in communications faces two major problems, namely distortions introduced during propagation in disordered media, such as the atmosphere or optical fibers, and the large divergence that high-order OAM modes experience. While the use of nonorthogonal modes may offer a way to circumvent the divergence of high-order OAM fields, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have shown promise for solving the mode-distortion issue.