Prevalence of gene mutation and its expression in Brazilian pediatric B-ALL patients: clinical implications.

Introduction: There is consistent evidence that may be a driver gene in B-ALL and that selected cases may benefit from the use of FLT3 inhibitors. Our study was conducted to evaluate the frequency and types of FLT3 mutations in pediatric patients with B-ALL, the relative expression of this gene, and their influence on clinical evolution.

Methods: We evaluated 156 children with B-ALL treated between July 2018 and September 2023.

Identifying childhood leukemia with an excess of hematological malignancies in first-degree relatives in Brazil.

Background: Familial aggregation in childhood leukemia is associated with epidemiological and genomic factors. Albeit epidemiological studies on the familial history of hematological malignancies (FHHMs) are scarce, genome-wide studies have identified inherited gene variants associated with leukemia risk. We revisited a dataset of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to explore the familial aggregation of malignancies among their relatives.

NQO1 rs1800566 (C609T), PON1 rs662 (Q192R), and PON1 rs854560 (L55M) polymorphisms segregate the risk of childhood acute leukemias according to age range distribution.

Purpose: The risk of developing childhood leukemia has been associated with gene polymorphisms that decrease the activity of detoxifying metabolic enzymes and enzymes involved in systemic oxidative stress. We investigated the NQO1 and PON1 polymorphisms for associations with susceptibility to childhood leukemia.

Methods: Samples from 1,027 Brazilian children (519 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL; 107 acute myeloid leukemia, AML; 401 controls) were analyzed.

Transient neonatal myeloproliferative disorder without Down syndrome and detection of GATA1 mutation.

Transient myeloproliferative disorder is a form of self-limited leukemia that occurs almost exclusively in neonates with Down syndrome. The authors report an unusual case of a newborn without constitutional trisomy 21 who developed undifferentiated leukemia and subsequently achieved clinical and molecular remission without chemotherapy. Cytogenetics and molecular analysis have shown trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutation restricted to leukemic cells.