Natural canal deviation and dentin thickness of mesial root canals of mandibular first molars assessed by microcomputed tomography.

The aim of this study was to assess the centralization and dentin thickness of mesial root canals of the first mandibular molars by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Material and methods: Ninety-nine mandibular molars of Vertucci's type IV canals were scanned by micro-CT. The mesiodistal deviation and centroid were assessed, in both mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals, for the apical 4mm and the full canal length.

Morphological assessment of the isthmus in mesial root canals of first mandibular molars.

Unlabelled: Root canal morphology and its anatomical variations pose a great challenge to endodontists.

Aim: The aim of this in silico study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the threedimensional morphological characteristics of the isthmus in the mesial root canals of mandibular molars using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT).

Material And Method: Six hundred first mandibular molars were selected, including 317 with two mesial canals with isthmuses between the canals, and fully formed root.

Correlation Between Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Clinical Data in Apical Granuloma.

Introduction: This study was intended to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines commonly secreted by CD4+ T cells (IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in apical granulomas and correlate with the clinical conditions and time elapsed since root canal treatment.

Methods: Eighteen biopsy specimens obtained by periradicular surgery of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis and diagnosed as apical granuloma were available from the oral pathology laboratory. Silanized slides containing paraffin sections were used for immunohistochemical reactions.

Bacteriologic Conditions of the Apical Root Canal System of Teeth with and without Posttreatment Apical Periodontitis: A Correlative Multianalytical Approach.

Introduction: This study used a correlative multianalytical approach to investigate the bacteriologic conditions in the apical root canal system of treated teeth with or without apical periodontitis and their correlation with the technical quality of the previous root canal obturation and the presence and volume of apical periodontitis lesions.

Methods: Root apexes were obtained from recently extracted root canal-treated teeth with (n = 23) and without (n = 22) apical periodontitis lesions as demonstrated by cone-beam computed tomographic examination. The root apexes were sectioned and subjected to micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) scanning.

Multipopulation evaluation of the internal morphology of mandibular first premolars from different South American countries. A micro-computed tomography study.

Objective: To evaluate and compare several anatomical parameters of mandibular first premolars from individuals from different Latin American countries using micro-computed tomography.

Design: Five hundred extracted mandibular first premolars from Brazilian, Argentinian, Chilean, Colombian, and Ecuadorian individuals were scanned using micro-computed tomography (n = 100 teeth/country). Root canal configurations were classified according to established parameters.

Deciduous Molars Complexity Anatomy Reveled by Computed Microtomography.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to analyze the internal morphology of deciduous molars through the use of computed microtomography in a sample from Rio de Janeiro.

Material And Methods:  Thirty maxillary and 30 mandibular deciduous molars ( = 60), divided in first and second primary molars, were scanned by computed microtomography. The teeth were evaluated for root number, root canals, Vertucci classification, root curvature, presence of lateral canals, furcation dentin thickness, structure model index (SMI), volume, and canal surface area.

Disinfection and Shaping of Vertucci Class II Root Canals after Preparation with Two Instrument Systems and Supplementary Ultrasonic Activation of Sodium Hypochlorite.

Introduction: This study compared disinfection and shaping after root canal preparation with either XP-endo Shaper or TruNatomy instrument systems, supplemented by ultrasonic activation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with either stainless-steel (SS) or nickel-titanium (NiTi) inserts.

Methods: Mesial roots from mandibular molars with Vertucci class II configuration were divided into 2 groups (n = 24) based on anatomically paired micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analyses. Pre and postpreparation micro-CT scans were obtained to evaluate the shaping performance.

Antibiotic indication in endodontics by Colombian dentists with different levels of training: a survey.

Aim: This study investigated how Colombian dentists with different academic levels indicate antibiotics with therapeutic purposes in endodontics.

Materials And Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 559 dentists in the form of an online questionnaire.

Results: Three hundred and twenty questionnaires were answered (57.

Effects of Calcium Hydroxide Paste in Different Vehicles on Bacterial Reduction during Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis.

Introduction: This clinical study evaluated the antibacterial effects of calcium hydroxide associated with different vehicles during the treatment of infected teeth with apical periodontitis.

Methods: Bacteriologic samples were taken from 90 necrotic root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis before (S1) and after preparation with a rotary nickel-titanium instrument system and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation (S2).

Apical transportation using Mtwo or Reciproc retreatment systems in severely curved canals: a micro-computed tomographic study.

Objective: To assess apical root canal transportation using Mtwo or Reciproc during retreatment of severely curved canals, using a multi-analytical approach.

Methods: Forty mesial canals from mandibular molars (Vertucci type IV) were evaluated before and after endodontic retreatment to compare apical transportation with Mtwo retreatment or Reciproc. The systems were used on the same root but alternating the mesial canals.

Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of root canal morphology in mandibular first premolars from a Colombian population.

Dental anatomy can vary significantly between different populations from different countries. Dental anatomical variations are of great interest to the dental professional, especially to endodontists, since they can influence the outcome of endodontic treatment. The purpose of the present study was to describe the anatomical variations of the root canal in mandibular first premolars in a population from Colombia, using micro-computed tomography.

Accuracy of Microcomputed Tomography in Detecting Dentinal Cracks: A Correlative Study with Scanning Electron and Operative Microscopy.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of microcomputed tomography (mCT) to detect dentinal cracks when compared with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and operating microscopy (OM). Different conditions of pixel size (10 or 17 m), sample moisture (dry/moist), and transillumination (with/without) were evaluated. Additionally, the influence of the dentinal defect width on its detection was analyzed.

Quality of Root Canal Filling Using a Bioceramic Sealer in Oval Canals: A Three-Dimensional Analysis.

Objectives:  The oval canals may be associated with inadequate debridement, which can affect the quality of the root canal filling, thus the treatment outcome. The aim of the present work was to compare the quality of oval canals fillings using EndoSequence BC sealer with the single-cone technique or cold lateral compaction.

Materials And Methods:  Thirty-eight human single-rooted premolars with oval canals were instrumented to 1 mm from the apical foramen with hand nickel-titanium files, followed by circumferential filing with Hedstrom files.

Canal transportation using Mani GPR or HyFlex NT during the retreatment of curved root canals: A micro-computed tomographic study.

This study assessed the apical transportation using Mani GPR or HyFlex NT during the retreatment of curved root canals. Thirty-eight roots were analysed using micro-CT for the comparison of apical transportation produced by two retreatment systems. Longitudinal transportation, horizontal transportation, variation in the canal angle of curvature and variation in the canal/root width ratio were analysed.

Disinfection and outcome of root canal treatment using single-file or multifile systems and Ca(OH)2 medication.

This clinical study reports on the antibacterial effects and outcome of endodontic treatment using either a single-file or a multifile system, associated with calcium hydroxide interappointment medication. The root canals of single-rooted teeth with apical periodontitis were treated by using either Reciproc or BioRaCe instrument systems, 2.5% NaOCl irrigation, and calcium hydroxide medication.

Supplementing filling material removal with XP-Endo Finisher R or R1-Clearsonic ultrasonic insert during retreatment of oval canals from contralateral teeth.

This study compared the efficacy of XP-Endo Finisher R and R1-Clearsonic insert in removing filling material remnants from oval canals. Twelve pairs of contralateral premolars were treated and subsequently retreated with Reciproc 50. A supplementary procedure with XP-Endo Finisher R or R1-Clearsonic was performed.

Cone-beam Computed Tomographic and Micro-computed Tomographic Evaluations of the Root Apexes of Teeth with Posttreatment Apical Periodontitis.

Introduction: This study evaluated the association of different variables that may influence the outcome of root canal treatment through cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) assessments of root apexes obtained by endodontic microsurgery of teeth with posttreatment apical periodontitis (AP), the agreement between CBCT and micro-CT findings, and the association of these variables with symptoms or lesion size.

Methods: Clinical and CBCT records and root apexes obtained by endodontic microsurgery from 11 cases of symptomatic AP and 22 cases of asymptomatic AP were available. Apical root specimens were further scanned using micro-CT imaging.

Cleaning, Shaping, and Disinfecting Abilities of 2 Instrument Systems as Evaluated by a Correlative Micro-computed Tomographic and Histobacteriologic Approach.

Introduction: This study assessed the cleaning, shaping, and disinfection abilities of 2 instrumentation systems in molar root canals using a novel correlative analytical approach.

Methods: The root canals from extracted mandibular and maxillary molars with apical periodontitis were pair matched according to anatomic similarities as determined by micro-computed tomographic analysis and prepared with either XP-endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) (n = 16) or Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany) (n = 16) instruments and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation.

Impact of Contracted Endodontic Cavities on Root Canal Disinfection and Shaping.

Introduction: The impact of minimally invasive endodontic procedures on root canal disinfection has not been determined. This ex vivo study compared root canal disinfection and shaping in teeth with contracted or conventional endodontic cavities.

Methods: Mandibular incisors with oval-shaped canals were selected and anatomically matched based on micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis and distributed into 2 groups.

Distribution of sodium hypochlorite throughout the mesial root canal system of mandibular molars after adjunctive irrigant activation procedures: a micro-computed tomographic study.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare irrigant distribution throughout the root canal system of mesial roots of mandibular molars after application of distinct adjunctive irrigant activation procedures.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen extracted mandibular molars presenting Fan's type II, III, or IV isthmus configurations were selected. The canals were initially enlarged and cleaned.

Matching the Dimensions of Currently Available Instruments with the Apical Diameters of Mandibular Molar Mesial Root Canals Obtained by Micro-computed Tomography.

Introduction: This micro-computed tomographic study investigated the original anatomic diameters of the apical portion of mandibular molar mesial canals and matched them to the dimensions of instruments that are currently available and commonly used for apical preparation.

Methods: One hundred eight mandibular molar mesial roots with Vertucci type IV configuration were scanned by micro-computed tomographic imaging, and the largest anatomic diameter of both mesial canals at 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm short of the apical foramen was measured. Canal diameters were compared with the dimensions of 10 endodontic instruments for simulation of preparation 1 mm short of the apical foramen.

Bacteria and Hard Tissue Debris Extrusion and Intracanal Bacterial Reduction Promoted by XP-endo Shaper and Reciproc Instruments.

Introduction: This study used a multipurpose analytic approach to compare the levels of apically extruded bacterial and hard tissue debris as well as intracanal bacterial reduction after root canal preparation with either XP-endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) or Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) instruments.

Methods: Distobuccal canals from extracted maxillary molars were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and randomly distributed into 2 groups according to the instrumentation system: the XP-endo Shaper or Reciproc. Teeth were mounted in an apparatus that simulates the apical resistance offered by the periapical tissues and permitted to collect debris extruded during preparation.

Removal of Root Canal Fillings in Curved Canals Using Either Mani GPR or HyFlex NT Followed by Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation.

This study compared the efficacy of HyFlex NT (HF; Coltene, New York, NY) and Mani GPR (MN; Mani Inc, Tokyo, Japan) systems followed by a supplementary approach with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing the filling material from curved root canals during retreatment. The mesial canals from 20 extracted mandibular molars with Vertucci type IV configuration were instrumented and obturated (N = 40). Each mesial canal was retreated using either HF or MN instruments, alternating the system used per canal from root to root.

Cleaning and Shaping Oval Canals with 3 Instrumentation Systems: A Correlative Micro-computed Tomographic and Histologic Study.

Introduction: The present study evaluated the cleaning and shaping ability of 3 instrumentation systems in oval canals of extracted vital teeth using a correlative analytic approach.

Methods: Oval distal canals from 33 freshly extracted mandibular molars with pulp vitality were scanned by micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) imaging for sample selection. Specimens matched by anatomic similarities were distributed into 3 experimental groups according to the instrument system to be evaluated: the Self-Adjusting File (SAF; ReDentNOVA, Ra'anana, Israel), TRUShape (Dentsply Sirona, Tulsa, OK), and XP-endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland).

Dentinal Microcrack Development after Canal Preparation: A Longitudinal in Situ Micro-computed Tomography Study Using a Cadaver Model.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of dentinal microcracks after root canal preparation with Reciproc and ProTaper Universal systems using an in situ cadaver model by means of a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging system.

Methods: At autopsy, 8 maxillary bone blocks having at least the first and second premolar teeth (n = 16) were excised, scanned at a resolution of 13.18 μm, and randomly distributed into 2 groups (n = 8) according to the preparation protocol: Reciproc and ProTaper Universal systems.