, first congeneric with the myrtle rust pathogen .

In 1895 and 2001, rust fungi affecting trees (Chrysobalanchaceae) in Brazil were described as by Hennings in the state of Goiás and as by Ferreira et al. in the state of Amazonas, respectively. Recently, a rust fungus collected close to the Amazonian type location sharing symptoms with the former two species was subjected to morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses using 28S nuc rDNA (ITS2-28S) and cytochrome oxidase subunit III (CO3) gene sequences.

, a new genus of neotropical rust fungi.

Two Cerrado rust fungi, and , described in 1993 and 1995 and originally assigned to families Phakopsoraceae and Ochropsoraceae, respectively, were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses using fragments of the nuc 28S and 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (CO3) gene. Although both taxa were morphologically well placed in their original genera, they were shown to belong in a strongly supported new lineage within the Raveneliineae distant from the Phakopsoraceae and Ochropsoraceae. Therefore, we properly treated this lineage as the new genus now harboring (type species) and .

, a new genus of ravenelioid rust fungi on (Caesalpinioideae) from the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga.

The multicellular discoid convex teliospore heads represent a prominent generic feature of the genus . However, recent molecular phylogenetic work has shown that this is a convergent trait, and that this genus does not represent a natural group. In 2000, a rust fungus infecting the Caesalpinioid species Ce (= ) was described as .

Filling a gap in the taxonomy of phyllachoroid fungi: Proposition of , gen. nov., and the new family Neopolystigmataceae.

A -like found on an herbaceous to shrubby species of Fabaceae () in the Brazilian Cerrado was morphologically close to , a leaf parasite on collected in Central America and Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses using a combination of the rDNA 28S, 18S, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions placed both fungi in the Phyllachorales, and not in Polystigamataceae/Xylariales, where species belong, and characteristically found on members of the Rosaceae, causing red leaf blotch containing bright-colored fungal stromata spread on the lesions. This disease prevails in orchards in the Northern Hemisphere, infecting , and species, but never in the Tropics.

Reinstatement and phylogenetic allocation of the palm rust genus in the Pucciniaceae, and establishment of , gen. nov.

The genus (type species ) was established in 1978 by Hennen and Ono and named after the Brazilian Cerrado biome. The holotype collected in Planaltina, Federal District, Brazil, belonged to the first rust fungus reported on palms (Arecaceae). For decades, the status of as a distinct genus has been regarded as doubtful, representing a synonym of (Uropyxidaceae) starting with the second edition of the in 1983.

: an enigmatic fungus, previously considered a basidiomycete, now revealed as an ascomycete member of the Gomphillaceae.

has been treated as a basidiomycete since its first description by Spegazzini in 1886 as . After further morphological studies, between 1919 and 2011, it remained among the basidiomycetes, most recently as incertae sedis in the order Cryptobasidiales. Our studies, based on light and scanning electron microscopy, supported by multilocus phylogenetic analyses-second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (), small subunit (18S), large subunit (28S), and nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.

Phylogenetic relationships of and recognition of a new family, Phaeochorellaceae (Diaporthales).

Species of are biotrophic leaf parasites with a tropical distribution, traditionally accepted in the family Phyllachoraceae, Phyllachorales in classifications based on morphological characters. Phylogenetic evidence presented here resolves the relationship of within the Sordariomycetes, based on a multilocus analysis of partial nuc rDNA large subunit (28S) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (), and the translation elongation factor 1-α () gene.

False Bean Smut Caused by Slime Mold.

Identification of the "bean smut" reported in 1998 in abstracts from two conferences was later disseminated by a Plant Disease Note; citations in books, papers, and blogs; and in several official sites, including databases curated by the United States Department of Agriculture and Embrapa-Brazil. After seeing the illustration of the syndrome in 2002, the need became clear for a review of the so-called bean smut. Field collections indicated that it is common in no-till bean and soybean farming in Brazil.

Taxonomy, phylogeny, and divergence time estimation for Apiosphaeria guaranitica, a Neotropical parasite on bignoniaceous hosts.

Apiosphaeria guaranitica, the causal agent of brown crust disease of several bignoniaceous hosts, among them Handroanthus and Tabebuia species, has been traditionally placed in Phyllachoraceae, based exclusively on morphological studies, without supporting molecular evidence. Here, we provide molecular data for the link between sexual and asexual states of the fungus and elucidate the phylogeny of A. guaranitica.

ITS phylogeny and taxonomy of Phyllachora species on native Myrtaceae from the Brazilian Cerrado.

Nine Phyllachora species found on hosts belonging to the family Myrtaceae native to the Brazilian Cerrado were described and illustrated. We sequenced nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer barcode regions for representatives of seven species and conducted phylogenetic analyses, which provided strong support for four new species that we describe as Phyllachora cerradensis, P. ermidensis, P.

Additions to the genera Asterolibertia and Cirsosia (Asterinaceae, Asterinales), with particular reference to species from the Brazilian Cerrado.

Four new Asterolibertia species and a new variety of Cirsosia splendida, all found on native Cerrado plants, belonging to three host families are described, illustrated and named as: A. bahiensis sp. nov.

Uromyces hawksworthii nom. nov. for Aecidium goyazense, on Phthirusa stelis (Loranthaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado.

The sexual morph of Aecidium goyazense collected in the Brazilian Cerrado was morphologically characterized by light microscopy and SEM, and shown to be a species of Uromyces, for which the name Uromyces hawksworthii nom. nov. is introduced, and designated as its epitype.

An overlooked source of fungal diversity: novel hyphomycete genera on trichomes of cerrado plants.

Eight monotypic hyphomycete genera new to science are described from the trichomes of native plants growing in the cerrado of Brazil: Trichomatoclava cerradensis, Echinoconidiophorum cerradense, Globoconidiopsis cerradensis, Globoconidium cerradense, Helminthosporiomyces cerradensis, Trichomatosphaera [corrected] cerradensis , Phragmoconidium cerradense, and Vesiculohyphomyces cerradensis gens. spp. nov.

New Stenella and Parastenella species from the Brazilian cerrado.

Five new Stenella species were found on native cerrado plants. Stenella erythroxyli-campestris, S. erythroxyli-suberosi and S.

Crinipellis brasiliensis, a new species based on morphological and molecular data.

Crinipellis perniciosa infects a diversity of hosts causing severe damage to T. cacao production in many Brazilian growing regions. We compared isolates of Crinipellis from different geographic origins and hosts in Brazil by structural analysis using light (LM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), as well as RFLP and sequence data based on the nuclear rDNA ITS region.

New hyphomycete genera on Qualea species from the Brazilian cerrado.

As part of studies on cerrado fungi three new hyphomycetes are described in association with trichomes on leaves of native species of Qualea (Vochysiaceae). These are: Trichomatomyces gen. nov.

Hyphomycetes on the Vochysiaceae from the Brazilian cerrado.

New hyphomycetes are described in association with leaves of native plants of the family Vochysiaceae, as part of studies of cerrado fungi. Six new species are described belonging to genera Alternaria (A. qualeae sp.