Effects of Cranberry Extract () Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Stages 3-4): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that bioactive compounds in berry fruits may mitigate inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objectives: To evaluate cranberry () supplementation effects on modulation of transcription factors involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in nondialysis (stages 3 and 4) patients with CKD. .

Albumin-to-protein ratio in spot urine samples for analysis of proteinuria selectivity in chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: The albumin-to-creatinine ratio and total protein-to-creatinine ratio in spot urine samples have already been validated as surrogates for 24-hour albuminuria and proteinuria measurements. Thus, we hypothesized that the type of proteinuria, detected by the electrophoretic pattern of 24-hour urine, could be predicted by the simple proportion of albumin in the total urine protein content, using the albumin-to-protein ratio (APR). Our study sought to validate the use of APR as a cheaper substitute for urinary protein electrophoresis (UPE).

Effect of cranberry supplementation on toxins produced by the gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease patients: A pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background & Aims: Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) have an imbalance in the gut microbiota that can lead to increase levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS), and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA). Among the therapeutic options for modulating gut microbiota are the bioactive compounds such as polyphenols present in cranberry, fruit with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This clinical trial focuses on evaluating the effects of supplementation with a dry extract of cranberry on plasma levels of LPS and uremic toxins in non-dialysis CKD patients.

Evaluation of sensitivity profiles to fosfomycin in bacterial urine samples from outpatients.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the susceptibilities of bacteria found in outpatient cultures to fosfomycin and other main antibiotics commonly available in clinical practice.

Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using 2,673 positive urine cultures collected between 2014 and 2017 at private laboratories located in the cities of Niterói and São Gonçalo. Susceptibilities to fosfomycin and other antibiotics were tested using the McNemar test with the level of significance set at 5 %.

Cranberries - potential benefits in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present many complications that potentially could be linked to increased cardiovascular mortality such as inflammation, oxidative stress, cellular senescence and gut dysbiosis. There is growing evidence suggesting that nutritional strategies may reduce some of these complications. Clinical studies suggest that supplementation of cranberries may have beneficial effects on human health such as prevention of urinary tract infections.

Effects of Low Protein Diet on Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Gene Expression in Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

Objective(s): Low protein diets (LPD; 0.6 g/kg/day), prescribed for nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, have demonstrated numerous benefits. LPDs may modulate inflammation and oxidative stress through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which encodes antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes.

Does Low-Protein Diet Influence the Uremic Toxin Serum Levels From the Gut Microbiota in Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients?

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of low-protein diet (LPD) on uremic toxins and the gut microbiota profile in nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Design And Methods: Longitudinal study with 30 nondialysis CKD patients (stage 3-4) undergoing LPD for 6 months. Adherence to the diet was evaluated based on the calculation of protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance from the 24-hour urine analysis.

Is there a relationship between tryptophan dietary intake and plasma levels of indoxyl sulfate in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis?

Introduction: Gut microbiota is involved in generation of uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis (HD), like indoxyl sulfate (IS) that is originated from tryptophan amino acid fermentation.

Objective: To evaluate the tryptophan intake by chronic renal failure patients on HD and its possible relationship with IS plasma levels.

Methods: Participated of the study 46 patients with CKD on HD regular program (56.

Impact of gender in early structural changes of contrast induced nephropathy in rats.

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a major iatrogenic cause of acute kidney injury. Experimental studies have shown that intravascular injection causes intense vacuolization of the contrast agent in the proximal renal tubules cells, preceding the increase in serum creatinine, and that the female may be at a higher risk for CIN.

Objective: To study the early kidney histomorphometric changes in contrast-induced nephropathy according to the gender.

Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation in Nrf2 and NF-κB Expressions in Nondialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Resveratrol is a phenolic compound that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, resulting from enhanced antioxidant enzymes production and modulating nuclear factors involved in the inflammation-oxidative stress cycle, as nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).

Objective: The study aim was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol supplementation on Nrf2 and NF-κB expression in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was performed in 20 nondialyzed CKD patients (62.

NF-κB expression and its association with nutritional status in hemodialysis patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association among the expressions of pro- and anti-inflammatory nuclear factors (nuclear factor-kappaB, NF-κB and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) and nutritional status in HD patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included eighty-three HD patients. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and processed for the evaluation of NF-κB and Nrf2 RNAm expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

In Hemodialysis Patients, Intradialytic Resistance Exercise Improves Osteoblast Function: A Pilot Study.

Objective: Abnormalities in mineral and bone metabolism are frequent in chronic kidney disease patients. Physical exercise can improve many indicators of physical functioning, and recent studies showed beneficial effects on bone mineral density in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance exercise training on bone markers and body composition in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Exercise Training Alters the Bone Mineral Density of Hemodialysis Patients.

Marinho, SM, Moraes, C, Barbosa, JEdSM, Eduardo, JCC, Fouqe, D, Pelletier, S, and Mafra, D. Exercise training alters the bone mineral density of hemodialysis patients. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2918-2923, 2016-Patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis (HD) frequently present low bone mineral density (BMD), and exercise may be useful for treating bone loss.

Urinary tract infection and indwelling urinary catheters: prospective study in gynecological surgery with antibiotic prophylaxis.

Context And Objectives: Urinary tract infections are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections, and the use of indwelling urinary catheters is a predisposing factor for their development. The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of pre and postoperative bacteriuria, identify the microorganisms involved, count the colony-forming units, determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile and compare the results from pre and postoperative urinalyses among women undergoing gynecological surgery with implantation of a urinary catheter.

Design And Setting: Non-controlled prospective observational single-cohort epidemiological study carried out at a university hospital.

Resveratrol: why is it a promising therapy for chronic kidney disease patients?

Resveratrol, a phenolic compound found in various plants, including grapes, berries, and peanuts, shows promise for the treatment of cancer, aging, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Resveratrol can promote transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, increase the expression level of SIRT-1, which is a sirtuin family protein, and reduce mTOR pathway signaling. This compound has anti-inflammatory properties in that it inhibits or antagonizes the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, which is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that coordinates the inflammatory response.

Acyl-ghrelin and obestatin plasma levels in different stages of chronic kidney disease.

Objective: This study assessed acyl-ghrelin and obestatin plasma levels in nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients compared with healthy volunteers.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Renal Vida Clinic (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and Renal Nutrition Ambulatory (Niterói, Brazil).

Subjects: Sixty-four subjects were studied: 29 HD patients (55.

Is there association between uric acid and inflammation in hemodialysis patients?

Background: Elevated serum uric acid has been associated with a variety of cardiovascular disease and with inflammation, but these have been little explored in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Elevated uric acid levels are common in CKD patients and could be involved in inflammatory milieu; our aim was to analyze the association between uric acid and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

[Use of vaccines for prophylaxis of urinary tract infections].

The urinary tract is the most common site of bacterial infections. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women without urinary tract anatomic abnormalities require frequent and repeated use of antibiotics, increasing the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. The possibility of an alternative approach, with the use of vaccines produced from inactivated bacteria or structural components of these microorganisms, is a reality.