Impact of body composition and muscle health phenotypes on survival outcomes in colorectal cancer: a multicenter cohort.

Body composition abnormalities are prognostic markers in several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Using our data distribution on body composition assessments and classifications could improve clinical evaluations and support population-specific opportune interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of body composition from computed tomography and assess the associations with overall survival among patients with CRC.

Trousseau syndrome preceding the diagnosis of colon cancer.

Trousseau Syndrome (TS) is defined as the occurrence of thromboembolic events prior to or simultaneously with the diagnosis of visceral neoplasia. In cases of multiple thromboembolisms, considering the possibility of TS, a screening for neoplasms may be warranted. We present a case study of a 61-year-old female who presented a neurological deficit.

Assessing the role of prognostic nutritional index in predicting outcomes for rectal cancer surgery.

Background & Aims: The association of Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) with prognosis has been established for various cancer types, including rectal cancer. However, the precise relationship between PNI and body composition characteristics in patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PNI on overall survival and disease-free survival in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients undergoing total surgical resection.

Examining variations in body composition among patients with colorectal cancer according to site and disease stage.

Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) often exhibit changes in body composition (BC) which are associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Many studies group colon and rectal cancers together, irrespective of staging, potentially affecting assessment and treatment strategies. Our study aimed to compare BC in patients with CRC focusing on tumor location and metastasis presence.

Abdominal adiposity as a prognosis biomarker of clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Objectives: Adipose tissue distribution and radiodensity are associated with prognosis in many types of cancer. However, the roles of adipose tissue distribution and radiodensity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic effect of adiposity and adipose tissue radiodensities in patients with mCRC.

Prognostic value of myosteatosis and systemic inflammation in patients with resectable gastric cancer: A retrospective study.

Background/objectives: The association between systemic inflammation and myosteatosis upon diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) and whether these factors could predict survival outcomes is not clear. Our aim was to explore the association between systemic inflammation and myosteatosis upon diagnosis of GC, specially whether the co-occurrence of these factors could predict survival outcomes.

Subjects/methods: Computed tomography (CT) was performed at the level of the third lumbar vertebra for body composition analysis in 280 patients with GC.

Association of Albumin-Corrected Serum Calcium Levels with Colorectal Cancer Survival Outcomes.

In epidemiological studies, higher calcium intake has been associated with decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. However, whether circulating calcium concentrations are associated with CRC prognosis is largely unknown. In this retrospective cohort analysis, we identified 498 patients diagnosed with stage I-IV CRC between the years of 2000 and 2018 in whom calcium and albumin level measurements within 3 months of diagnosis had been taken.

NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY FOLLOWED BY TRANSHITAL ESOPHAGECTOMY IN LOCALLY ADVANCED ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: IMPACT OF PATHOLOGICAL COMPLETE RESPONSE.

Background: Multimodal therapy with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by esophagectomy has offered better survival results, compared to isolated esophagectomy, in advanced esophageal cancer. In addition, patients who have a complete pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment presented greater overall survival and longer disease-free survival compared to those with incomplete response.

Aim: To compare the results of overall survival and disease-free survival among patients with complete and incomplete response, submitted to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, with two therapeutic regimens, followed by transhiatal esophagectomy.

Metabolic Volume Measurements in Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for 10-15% of all hematologic malignancies, as well as 20% of deaths related to hematologic malignant tumors, predominantly affecting bone and bone marrow. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET/CT) is an important method to assess the tumor burden of these patients. It is often challenging to classify the extent of disease involvement in the PET scans for many of these patients because both focal and diffuse bone lesions may coexist, with varying degrees of FDG uptake.

Myosteatosis Differentially Affects the Prognosis of Non-Metastatic Colon and Rectal Cancer Patients: An Exploratory Study.

Body composition performed by computed tomography (CT) impacts on cancer patients' prognoses and responses to treatment. Myosteatosis has been related to overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the independent impact of the association of myosteatosis with prognosis in colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) is still unclear. CT was performed at the L3 level to assess body composition features in 227 patients with CRC.

Impact of androgen deprivation therapy on mortality of prostate cancer patients with COVID-19: a propensity score-based analysis.

Background: Previous studies hypothesized that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may reduce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) infectivity. However, it is unknown whether there is an association between ADT and a higher survival in prostate cancer patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of prostate cancer (PC) patients hospitalized to treat COVID-19 in Brazil's public health system.

Physiologic IGFBP7 levels prolong IGF1R activation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogenic and prosurvival factors to many different cell types, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Circulating IGFs are bound by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) that regulate their action. IGFBP7 is an IGFBP-related protein (IGFBP-rP) that in contrast to other IGFBPs/IGFBP-rPs features higher affinity for insulin than IGFs and was shown to bind the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) as well.

Repurposing metformin for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer share many risk factors. The pleiotropic insulin-dependent and insulin-independent effects of metformin might inhibit pathways that are frequently amplified in neoplastic tissue. Particularly, modulation of inflammation, metabolism, and cell cycle arrest are potential therapeutic cancer targets utilized by metformin to boost the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy.

Visceral adipose tissue glucose uptake is linked to prognosis in multiple myeloma patients: An exploratory study.

Background & Aims: The use of computerized tomography to opportunistically assess body composition has highlighted abnormalities such as low muscle mass and high adiposity may be hidden conditions in cancer patients. However, the role of skeletal muscle (SM), subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue glucose uptake measured by F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT on patient prognostication is unclear.

Methods: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) with satisfactory image frame for assessing body composition and for semi-quantification of SM, SAT and VAT glucose uptakes were included.

Adipose tissue radiodensity: A new prognostic biomarker in people with multiple myeloma.

Objectives: Standard prognostic markers based on individual characteristics of individuals with multiple myeloma (MM) remain scarce. Body-composition features have often been associated with survival outcomes in different cancers. However, the association of adipose tissue radiodensity with MM prognosis has not yet, to our knowledge, been explored.

Obesity as a Possible Risk Factor for Progression from Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance Progression into Multiple Myeloma: Could Myeloma Be Prevented with Metformin Treatment?

Obesity is increasingly associated with the transformation of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) into multiple myeloma MM). Obesity, MGUS, and MM share common etiopathogenesis mechanisms including altered insulin axis and the action of inflammatory cytokines. Consistent with this interconnection, metformin could predominantly exert inhibition of these pathophysiological factors and thus be an attractive therapeutic option for MGUS.

Metformin plus lrinotecan in patients with refractory colorectal cancer: a phase 2 clinical trial.

Background: Patients with refractory colorectal (CRC) cancer have few treatment options. This trial tests the combination of metformin and irinotecan in this setting.

Methods: A phase 2 single-arm trial was conducted, patients received metformin 2500 mg orally a day plus irinotecan 125 mg/m intravenously weekly D1 and D8 every 21 days.

Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients under Cytotoxic Cancer Chemotherapy in Brazil.

Background: Cancer patients present a distinct vulnerability to COVID-19. It is unclear if chemotherapy could accentuate the overall risk in these patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis linking COVID-19 data and oncological information systems to compare lethality in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy before COVID-19.

Intracellular hyaluronic acid-binding protein 4 (HABP4): a candidate tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer.

Hyaluronic Acid-binding protein 4 (HABP4) is a regulatory protein of 57 kDa that is functionally involved in transcription regulation and RNA metabolism and shows several characteristics common to oncoproteins or tumor suppressors, including altered expression in cancer tissues, nucleus/cytoplasm shuttling, intrinsic lack of protein structure, complex interactomes and post translational modifications. Its gene has been found in a region on chromosome 9q22.3-31, which contains SNP haplotypes occurring in individuals with a high risk for familial colon cancer.

Diacerein treatment prevents colitis-associated cancer in mice.

Background: Inflammation is a well-established enabling factor for cancer development and provides a framework for the high prevalence of colon cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. In accordance, chronic inflammation has recently been implicated in the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the mechanism whereby anti-inflammatory drugs act in the prevention of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is only partially understood.

Chemoradiotherapy With or Without Surgery for Esophageal Squamous Cancer According to Hospital Volume.

Purpose: Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is still associated with a dismal prognosis. However, surgical series have shown that high-volume hospitals have better outcomes and that the impact of center volume on definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) or CRT plus surgery (CRT + S) remains unknown.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with locally advanced stage II-III (non-T4) ESCC treated with dCRT or CRT + S in São Paulo state, Brazil.

ADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY AFTER SUBTOTAL OR TOTAL GASTRECTOMY AND D2 LIMPHADENECTOMY INCREASES SURVIVAL IN ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER?

Background: The treatment of advanced gastric cancer with curative intent is essentially surgical and chemoradiotherapy is indicated as neo or adjuvant to control the disease and prolong survival.

Aim: To assess the survival of patients undergoing subtotal or total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: Were retrospectively analyzed 87 gastrectomized patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, considered stages IB to IIIC and submitted to adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (protocol INT 0116).

Myosteatosis in a systemic inflammation-dependent manner predicts favorable survival outcomes in locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Increased adiposity and its attendant metabolic features as well as systemic inflammation have been associated with prognosis in locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC). However, whether myosteatosis and its combination with systemic inflammatory markers are associated with prognosis of esophageal cancer is unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of myosteatosis and its association with systemic inflammation on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in LAEC patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT).