Novel hook plate for radial semilunar lip facet fragment fixation: a finite element analysis.

Intra-articular fractures of the distal radius require anatomical reduction and stable fixation. When the fracture encompasses the articular facet of the bone, maintaining the reduction is challenging due to the fragment's size and high instability. While specific implants have been developed to fix this fragment, their effectives have been limited.

Refeeding partially reverses impaired fracture callus in undernourished rats.

Background: Adequate nutritional intake plays a crucial role in maximizing skeletal acquisition. The specific effects of a general food restriction and refeeding on fracture healing are yet to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of general food restriction and refeeding on fracture repair.

Stability of Proximal Femoral Osteotomies in Pediatric Bone Models Fixed with Flexible Intramedullary Nails and Evaluated by the Finite Element Method.

 To evaluate the stability of osteotomies created in the subtrochanteric and trochanteric regions in a pediatric femur model fixed by flexible intramedullary rods.  Tomographic sections were obtained from a pediatric femur model with two elastic titanium rods and converted to a three-dimensional model. This model created a mesh with tetrahedral elements according to the finite element method.

FLEXIBLE INTRAMEDULLARY NAILS IN PEDIATRIC SUBTROCHANTERIC FEMUR FRACTURE: BIOMECHANICAL STUDY.

Objective: Evaluate the stability provided by two flexible intramedullary nails (FINs) in a simulation of fractures at the proximal levels in pediatric femur models.

Methods: Two FINs were inserted in 18 synthetic models of pediatric femurs. Fractures were simulated at one of three levels, and the models were divided into the following groups (n=6): diaphysis (control), subtrochanteric and trochanteric.

EVALUATION OF EARLY TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC CLUBFOOT USING THE PONSETI METHOD.

Unlabelled: Congenital clubfoot is one of the most common congenital deformities of the lower limbs, with an estimated incidence of 1 for every 1,000 live births. Its treatment is controversial, and currently the Ponseti method has been widespread, showing promising results and decreasing the need for extensive surgical releases, as was usually done until the introduction of the technique. Currently used in approximately 55 countries, the method has changes and scopes that vary according to the society in which it is applied, with the results and peculiarities of the method molded according to the sample studied.

OSTEOTOMY AT THE BASE OF FEMORAL NECK AND OSTEOPLASTY FOR THE TREAMENT OF SCFE.

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes between patients with moderate and severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) treated with osteotomy at the base of neck and osteoplasty and with healthy individuals.

Methods: Comparative cohort with 12 patients (14 hips) with moderate and severe SCFE who underwent osteotomy at the base of neck and osteoplasty between 2007 and 2014. The mean age at surgery was 13.

STERNUM TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION IN PECTUS PATIENTS: ANALYSIS OF SAGITAL PARAMETERS.

Objective: To evaluate the sagittal tomographic reformatting of the sternum using unpublished radiographic parameters (indexes and angles), comparing them between the different types of pectus, and controls.

Methods: 44 patients with pectus deformities and controls underwent chest CT for analysis. The types of pectus were classified into: inferior (IPC), superior (SPC) and lateral (LPC), and broad (BPE) and localized (LPE).

Even without changing the bone mineral density, alcohol consumption decreases the percentage of collagen, the thickness of bone trabeculae, and increases bone fragility.

Excessive alcohol consumption is considered a risk factor for bone health, as it causes a reduction in mass and increases the risk of fracture. However, the determination of bone mineral density (BMD) has not always been an adequate predictor of bone fragility. Thus, the hypothesis arises that chronic alcohol consumption interferes with collagen synthesis and the quality of bone trabeculae, with consequent bone fragility.

Vibration therapy as an effective approach to improve bone healing in diabetic rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of vibration therapy on fracture healing in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

Methods: 148 rats underwent fracture surgery and were assigned to four groups: (1) SHAM: weight-matched non-diabetic rats, (2) SHAM+VT: non-diabetic rats treated with vibration therapy (VT), (3) DM: diabetic rats, and (4) DM+VT: diabetic rats treated with VT. Thirty days after diabetes induction with streptozotocin, animals underwent bone fracture, followed by surgical stabilization.

COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF FIXATION OF SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURES OF THE HUMERUS IN CHILDREN.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of the fixation of complete and displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in children with two different Kirschner wire configurations.

Methods: The type of fixation was randomized to either crossed (19 cases), or two divergent lateral Kirschner wires (24 cases). The comparison was made six months later between the two treated groups and each group with the non-fractured elbow (clinical alignment, range of motion, Baumann angle, and lateral humeral capitellar angle).

ANALYSIS OF STERNAL CURVATURE PATTERNS IN PATIENTS WITH PECTUS AND CONTROL.

Objective: To analyze reformatted sagittal sternal tomography images and classify sternal body curvature types, and compare different types of populations with one another and with normal individuals.

Methods: In total, 50 controls and 167 pectus patients were selected for chest CT to analyze the median sagittal plane, of whom 89 had mean age, 12 ± 10 years) and 78 (mean age, 14 ± 10 years). Clinical types of were classified as inferior, superior, or lateral and localized or broad The following types of sternal patterns were defined: gradual vertical curve, gradual posterior curve, gradual anterior curve, proximal third curve, middle third curve, distal third curve, anterior rectilinear, vertical rectilinear, and posterior rectilinear.

BROAD PECTUS EXCAVATUM TREATMENT: LONG TERM RESULTS OF A BRAZILIAN TECHNIQUE.

Objective: This study aims the treatment results of broad pectus excavatum after a long-term follow-up and skeletal maturity.

Methods: Eighty-four children and adolescents with broad-type pectus excavatum were selected for evaluation after treatment with a dynamic orthosis that applies compression to the lower rib projections and prescription of exercises. The broad pectus excavatum was defined as a deformity that the depressed area was greater and covered the area above and below the nipple line.

LOCALIZED PECTUS EXCAVATUM TREATED WITH BRACE AND EXERCISE: LONG TERM RESULTS OF A BRAZILIAN TECHNIQUE.

Objective: Pectus excavatum is a deformity that affects aesthetics and causes emotional disorders. Surgical correction is well established, but conservative treatment is less common. We investigated the long-term results of using a brace and performing specific physical exercises to treat localized pectus excavatum, a type of deformity in which the depressed area is restricted to the midline region along the nipple line.

DOUBLE FEMORAL OSTEOTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE SEQUELAE OF THE IMMATURE HIP.

Objective: To evaluate the results of double femoral osteotomy for the treatment of severe sequelae of the hip.

Methods: Immature patients with anatomical loss of the hip were treated with pelvic support osteotomy in the distal femur to correct lower limb shortening, they were evaluated clinically and radiographically.

Results: Eleven cases (eleven hips) were assessed with verage follow-up of three years.

Overexpression of HIF-1α and Morphological Alterations in the Tongue of Rats Exposed To Secondhand Smoke.

Smoking is a risk factor for serious health problems and is associated with several changes in the tissues of the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the collagen percentage, mast cells density, intensity of immunolabeled cells by anti-HIF-1α in the musculature lingual of rats exposed to secondhand smoke. Twenty-seven female Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: rats not exposed to tobacco smoke inhalation (Control group) (n=7); rats exposed to smoke inhalation for 30 days (TAB 30) (n=10); and rats exposed to smoke inhalation for 45 days (TAB 45) (n=10).

Review of Secondary Causes of Osteoporotic Fractures Due to Diabetes and Spinal Cord Injury.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this review is to gain a better understanding of osteoporotic fractures and the different mechanisms that are driven in the scenarios of bone disuse due to spinal cord injury and osteometabolic disorders due to diabetes.

Recent Findings: Despite major advances in understanding the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis, the high incidence of impaired fracture healing remains an important complication of bone loss, leading to marked impairment of the health of an individual and economic burden to the medical system. This review underlines several pathways leading to bone loss and increased risk for fractures.

Orthopedic and ultrasound assessment of hip stability of newborns referred by pediatricians with suspected Developmental Dysplasia.

Objective: to evaluate newborns with suspected hip instability, referred by pediatricians to a tertiary orthopedic service.

Methods: newborns from a public university maternity hospital, with suspected instability or risk factors for hip dysplasia, were referred to the Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Ribeirão Preto/SP, where we evaluated them clinically and through ultrasound examinations of the hips. Once we found dysplasia, we initiated treatment, and in cases in which there was only hip immaturity and normal clinical examination, we performed clinical and ultrasound observation and review at two or three months of age.

CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL ADVERSELY AFFECTS THE BONE OF YOUNG RATS.

Objective: To assess the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on the longitudinal growth of the tibia and bone quality parameters in young rats under an experimental setup.

Methods: The control (n=10) rats received only water. The ethanol (n=10) rats received ethyl alcohol at concentrations established in the protocol for the induction of chronic alcohol consumption.

Gene expression changes are associated with severe bone loss and deficient fracture callus formation in rats with complete spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Animal study.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of SCI on bone quality and callus formation.

Setting: University and hospital-based research center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Brazil.

Critical evaluation of the surgical techniques to correct the equinus deformity.

The equinus deformity causes changes in the foot contact and may affect more proximal anatomical regions, such as the knee, hip and trunk, potentially leading to gait disorders. The equinus is usually secondary to retraction, shortening and/or spasticity of the triceps surae, and it may require surgical correction. Surgery for the correction of equinus is one of the oldest procedures in Orthopedics, and it was initially performed only at the calcaneus tendon.

Undernutrition impairs the quality of growth plate and trabecular and cortical bones in growing rats1.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of dietary restriction on the growth plate and long bone tissue in growing rats.

Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: Control (Con) and Diet-restricted (Res). After weaning, the Res rats were offered 50% of the chow ingested by the control (ad libitum food intake).

Bone callus formation is highly disrupted by dietary restriction in growing rats sustaining a femoral fracture1.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of food restriction on fracture healing in growing rats.

Methods: Sixty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: (1) Control and (2) Dietary restriction. After weaning the dietary restricted animals were fed ad libitum for 42 days with 50% of the standard chow ingested by the control group.

Calcaneal lateral column lengthening osteotomy for symptomatic flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Flexible flatfoot is a common condition in small children, which shows a strong tendency to spontaneously correct with their growth or to become moderate or mild in adults, which will not cause future problems. However, in a small number of cases, this condition is more severe, does not improve spontaneously, which may cause mechanical impairment, deformity, and, eventually, pain. In such cases, surgical treatment should be considered.