Glycolic acid and ultrasonic activation: Effects on smear layer removal, dentin penetration, dentin structure and bond strength of the root dentin filling material.

Background: Glycolic acid (GA) has been tested as enamel and dentin etchant, and final irrigant for smear layer removal. This study evaluated the effects of GA and ultrasonic activation (US) on smear layer removal, dentin penetration, dentin structure and bond strength of the root dentin filling material.

Material And Methods: The root canals of 210 teeth were distributed into four test groups: smear layer removal (N=50), dentin penetration (N=50), dentin structure (N=10) and bond strength (N=100).

Comparative analysis of methods for measuring root canal curvature based on periapical radiography: A laboratory study.

Aim: To evaluate the agreement between six currently available periapical radiography-based methods for measuring the root canal curvatures in mesial roots of mandibular first molars, assessed by two examiners with different proficiency levels.

Methodology: Non-endodontically treated mesial roots of 41 human mandibular first molars were radiographed using the parallelling technique. Two independent observers (a specialist in endodontics and radiology and a final-year dental student) assessed their root canal curvature using the methodologies described by Schneider (1971, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 32, 271), Weine (1982, Endodontic therapy), Berbert and Nishiyama (1994, Revista Gaúcha de Odontología, 356), Luiten et al.

Antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity and erosive potential of hypochlorous acid obtained from an electrolytic device compared with sodium hypochlorite.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity, cleaning ability, and erosion of dentine of hypochlorous acid (HClO) obtained from an electrolytic device at two different concentrations (Dentaqua) and three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).

Methods: Microbiological test-The root canals of sixty single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 6 groups (n = 10), according to decontamination protocol: DW (control); 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5.

Antimicrobial action and cytotoxicity of hypochlorous acid obtained from an innovative electrolytic device - An in vitro study.

Objective: This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect and cytotoxicity of hypochlorous acid(HClO) obtained from an innovative electrolytic device.

Design: The root canals of fifty extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 5 groups (n = 10): DW (control); 2% chlorhexidine gel(CHX); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl); 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO.

How Do Phages Disrupt the Structure of Biofilm?

Biofilms are composed of multicellular communities of microbial cells and their self-secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The viruses named bacteriophages can infect and lyze bacterial cells, leading to efficient biofilm eradication. The aim of this study was to analyze how bacteriophages disrupt the biofilm structure by killing bacterial cells and/or by damaging extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA.

Enhanced Clinical Decision-Making and Delivery of Minimally Invasive Care Using the ICCMS4D Integrated with Hands-Free Fluorescence-Based Loupes and a Chemomechanical Caries Removal Agent.

The purpose of this case report was to evaluate an approach for enhanced clinical decision-making while providing minimally invasive treatment, using the combined International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS 4D) with hands-free fluorescence-enhanced loupes (Reveal, Designs for Vision Inc., New York City, NY, United States) and a chemo-mechanical caries removal agent (Papacárie Duo Gel, Formula & Acao, Sao Paulo, Brazil). In recent decades, a shift towards a conservative approach to caries management has developed.

Benefits and Challenges of the Use of Two Novel vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e Bacteriophages in Biocontrol of the Root Canal Infections.

Unlabelled: Bacteriophage therapy has emerged as a strategy supplementing traditional disinfection protocols to fight biofilms. The aim of the study was to isolate the phages against and to characterize its biological features, morphology, and lytic activity in a formed biofilm model.

Methods: ATCC 29212 strain was used for the trial.

Decision-making for dental pulp exposure: a survey in graduate programs at Brazilian universities.

Clinical decision-making tends to be based on what clinicians have been taught during undergraduate and graduate programs. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical approach and to identify the factors that influence the decision-making for dental pulp exposure among graduate students and coordinating professors in endodontics programs offered at Brazilian universities. The study used a mail-out survey developed in the Qualtrics platform, based on seven clinical reports in which dental pulp exposure was evidenced.

Head and neck radiotherapy effects on the dental pulp vitality and response to sensitivity tests: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Experimental studies are controversial regarding the effects of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) on the dental pulp. Therefore, a systematic review of clinical studies is necessary to investigate whether alterations in pulp status occur.

Objectives: To evaluate the evidence on radiotherapy for HNC and pulp status.

The Pulp Stones: Morphological Analysis in Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopic Chemical Quantification.

Pulp stones are hard tissue structures formed in the pulp of permanent and deciduous teeth. Few studies have evaluated their morphology and chemical composition. However, their formation, composition, configuration and role played in overall health status are still unclear.

Evaluation of the biological and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate-based and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers.

Biocompatibility, dimensional stability, radiopacity, flow, and low solubility are the characteristics of an ideal endodontic sealer. This study evaluated and compared in vivo and in vitro biological and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers: Sealer Plus BC (BC), MTA Fillapex (MF); and resin-based sealers: AH Plus (AHP) and Sealer Plus (SP). Apical papilla cells were exposed to sealer extracts and subjected to MTT, SRB, scratch, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity (ALP) and Alizarin red staining (ALZ) assays.

Pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate or Biodentine: a comparison of mineralized barrier formation and inflammatory and degenerative events.

Biodentine in endodontic practice has been widely investigated, but comprehensive histological descriptions of degenerative and inflammatory responses are not covered in most of the studies that compare pulp capping materials. This study aimed to evaluate pulpal responses to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA Angelus) and Biodentine, focusing on mineralized barrier formation and on inflammatory and degenerative events. 80 male Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups, according to the materials used for pulp capping and coronal sealing (n=8 per group/period).

Serum levels of inflammatory markers and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes and apical periodontitis: Preliminary findings.

This pilot study assessed the glycaemic control and the serum levels of inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with apical periodontitis (AP). Thirty individuals were divided into four groups: Healthy (H); with AP (AP); with T2DM (T2DM); and with T2DM and AP (T2DM-AP). Demographic and pharmacological data were registered.

Fluorescence-Enhanced Theragnosis: A Novel Approach to Visualize, Detect, and Remove Caries.

Fluorescence tools have shown to be highly valuable for precise diagnosis of caries and other lesions in dentistry. In the form of ultraviolet (UV) headlights and special loupes with high levels of magnification and observational capacity, these instruments can even be used during treatment for a more preventive and minimally invasive treatment strategy. Fluorescence, a type of luminescence, absorbs light of shorter wavelength and re-emits it as longer-wavelength light.

Use of autofluorescence and fluorescent probes as a potential diagnostic tool for oral cancer: A systematic review.

Introduction: The prognosis of patients with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are directly related to the stage of development of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, but it is estimated an average delay in diagnosis of 2-5 months. New non-invasive techniques for the early diagnosis of OSCC are being developed, such as methodologies to detect spectral changes of tumor cells. We conducted a systematic review to analyze the potential use of autofluorescence and/or fluorescent probes for OSCC diagnosis.

Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy on intracanal biofilm: A systematic review of in vitro studies.

Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (A-PDT), is one of the adjunctive therapies developed to improve the effectiveness of root canal disinfection.. The aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial effect of PDT on intracanal biofilm.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Planetary Health. A Critical Review of Epidemiology, Prevention, Clinical Characteristics and Treatments for Oral, Head and Neck Health Professionals. Do We Have a Roadmap?

 Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is potentially the greatest global public health crisis of this century. This disease emerged as an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, the capital city of the Hubei province in China, in December 2019. Otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons and dentists are at an increased risk of occupational disease.

Association of calcium hypochlorite, reciprocating instrumentation and photodynamic therapy: Antimicrobial analysis and effects on root dentin structure.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial action of calcium hypochlorite(Ca[OCl]) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with reciprocating instrumentation and photodynamic therapy(PDT), and its influence on root dentin structure.

Methods: One hundred and ten human teeth were used to antimicrobial evaluation, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 11 groups (n = 10): G1 - distilled water(control); G2-1 % NaOCl; G3-5.25 % NaOCl; G4-1 % Ca(OCl); G5-5.

Periradicular inflammatory response, bone resorption, and cementum repair after sealing of furcation perforation with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA Angelus™) or Biodentine™.

Objective: This study assessed tissue responses after furcation perforation and immediate sealing with either Biodentine™ or MTA Angelus™.

Material And Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were used (n = 6 per group/period). The mandibular first molars had the furcation mechanically exposed and sealed with either MTA or Biodentine™ and restored with silver amalgam.

Correction to: Influence of foraminal enlargement on the healing of periapical lesions in rat molars.

Figures 2 and 3 in the published version of this article contained a mistake. CCP and DCP should have been FEG and NFEG. Correct figures are presented here.

Bacteriophages in Dentistry-State of the Art and Perspectives.

Bacteriophages, viruses capable of killing bacteria, were discovered in 1915, but the interest in their study has been limited since the advent of antibiotics. Their use in dentistry is still very limited. The authors reviewed studies about bacteriophage structure, mode of action, uses in oral health, and possible future uses in dentistry associated with their possible action over biofilm, as well as the advantages and limitations of phage therapy.

Influence of foraminal enlargement on the healing of periapical lesions in rat molars.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of foraminal enlargement on the healing of induced apical periodontitis in a rat model.

Material And Methods: Periapical lesions were bilaterally induced in mandibular first molars of 24 Wistar rats, through root canals exposure to the oral environment during 3 weeks. Endodontic treatment was performed in the mesial canal of right molars, which were separated into two experimental groups (n = 12/group).

Dendritic cells and their relation to apical peridontitis.

The purpose of this manuscript was to re-discuss apical periodontitis, apical biofilm, and its possible relationship with dendritic cells (DC). DCs are potent regulators of the immune system and their function is divided into three categories that involve the presentation of antigens: the presentation of antigens and activation of T cells; a not well established category suggested that DCs induce and maintain immunological tolerance; and the maintenance of the immune memory in conjunction with B cells. DCs in periapical inflammatory lesions are composed of at least two subpopulations that can be distinguished on the basis of ultrastructure and phenotype.

Dentists' knowledge of dental trauma based on the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines: A survey in South Brazil.

Background/aim: Dental trauma is a public health issue with a high prevalence in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of dentists in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, of the management of traumatic dental injuries, using the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) Guidelines as a reference.

Materials And Methods: An electronic questionnaire investigating personal and professional characteristics and 12 questions about dento-alveolar trauma, was sent to all registered dentists of the Regional Council of Dentistry of Rio Grande do Sul (n=14 753).