[Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Rural Area of Guadalajara, Spain].

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] in a rural health area and its stratification according different risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was performed in Yunquera de Henares (Guadalajara, Spain) in the year 2014. A questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, tobacco consumption, age, education level and occupation was used in a randomized, stratified sample in different stages.

Morphology and morphometric relationships of the sagitta of Diapterus auratus (Perciformes: Gerreidae) from Veracruz, Mexico.

Sagittae otoliths are the most studied because of their morphological variability and size; the sagittae may also have valuable taxonomic use and for D. auratus has not yet been described. In the present study we present a morphological description of the sagitta otolith and an analysis of its correlation with various morphometric parameters.

Assessing osteoporosis risk factors in Spanish menopausal women.

Objectives: (1) To assess the prevalence of osteoporosis risk factors in Spanish menopausal women; (2) to detect medical and lifestyle risk factor differences between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women; (3) and to identify the main factors responsible for osteoporosis.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study encompassing women aged 45-65 across Spain. The study population sample was collected through random sampling and a total of 10,514 women were included.

Epidemiology of risk factors and symptoms associated with menopause in Spanish women.

Objectives: (1) To assess the prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease and the prevalence and severity of the appearance of menopausal symptoms among Spanish menopausal women. (2) To identify the main factors responsible for this severity. (3) To detect symptom differences between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Life-style activities in older people without intellectual impairment: a population-based study.

Introduction: Activities of daily living are important indicators of the functional status and wellbeing of older persons. Data derived from life-style activities of the community at large are important for such diverse purposes as characterising the individual's ability for independent living, studying normal ageing, or investigating social factors in rehabilitation. Our objective was to determine patterns in the life-style activities of people aged 65 years and older who had no intellectual impairment.

New Synthetic Strategies to Vitamin D Analogues Modified at the Side Chain and D Ring. Synthesis of 1alpha,25-Dihydroxy-16-ene-vitamin D(3) and C-20 Analogues(1).

Two efficient synthetic routes to 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-16-ene-vitamin D(3) (4a) and their C-20 analogues (3 and 4) have been developed. Key features common to both routes A and B are the introduction of side chains functionalized at C20 (17, 21, 19, and 25). In route A the CD side chain fragments 5 and 6 are prepared by S(N)2' syn displacement of allylic carbamates 8 and 9 (X = OCONHPh) by Li(2)Cu(3)R(5).