Role of Preoperative Inflammatory Blood Cell Indexes as a Postoperative Risk Predictor Among Patients Undergoing On-Pump Cardiac Surgery.

Introduction: Estimating patient risk before heart surgery (HS) is crucial. Perioperative inflammation is associated with several complications and mortality. This study investigated blood cell count inflammatory indices (BCCII) to predict risks, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derivate NLR (DNLR), neutrophil-to-platelet-lymphocyte ratio (NLPR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII), Systemic Inflammatory Reaction Index (SIRI), and Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI).

Hematological ratios in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with and without invasive mechanical ventilation.

Patients with the most severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often require invasive ventilation. Determining the best moment to intubate a COVID-19 patient is complex decision and can result in important consequences for the patient. Therefore, markers that could aid in clinical decision-making such as hematological indices are highly useful.

Diagnostic characteristics of immature platelet fraction for the assessment of immune thrombocytopenia.

The diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains an exclusion, as a specific biomarker is missing. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic characteristics, establish a cut-off point for reticulated platelets, and compare it with the clinical exclusion diagnosis used in the assessment of ITP. Forty-one patients with ITP and 187 healthy individuals were enrolled in Santa Maria, Brazil.

Annatto carotenoids attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory response after high-calorie meal in healthy subjects.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of annatto carotenoids intake associated to a single high-calorie meal (high fat and high carbohydrate) in postprandial biochemical, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Twelve healthy subjects (6 men, 6 women) were included in this randomised, controlled crossover study. Baseline blood samples were collected from fasting subjects that immediately received high-calorie meal without carotenoid (placebo) or containing 1.

Nitric oxide levels in HIV-infected, untreated patients and HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in HIV infection is ambiguous; controversy exists around whether the levels of serum NO are increased or decreased in HIV-infected patients. Thus, it is necessary to reassess NO levels in HIV-infected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the nitrite/nitrate metabolite (NOx) levels in HIV-infected untreated patients and in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), compared with HIV-uninfected individuals (control group).

In vitro oxidation of fibrinogen promotes functional alterations and formation of advanced oxidation protein products, an inflammation mediator.

Fibrinogen (FB) is a soluble blood plasma protein and is a key molecule involved in coagulation. Oxidative modification of proteins, such as the formation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), a heterogeneous family of protein compounds structurally modified and derived from oxidative stress, may be associated with the pathophysiology of a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the formation of this mediator of inflammation occurs from FB and whether its generation is associated with structural changes.

An alternative pathway through the Fenton reaction for the formation of advanced oxidation protein products, a new class of inflammatory mediators.

The accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) has been linked to several pathological conditions, and their levels are formed during oxidative stress as a result of reactions between plasma proteins and chlorinated oxidants produced by myeloperoxidase (MPO). However, it was suggested that the generation of this mediator of inflammation may also occur via an MPO-independent pathway. The aim of this study was to induce the formation of AOPPs in vitro through Fenton reaction and to investigate whether this generation could be counteracted by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP).

Assessment of inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in obesity and their associations with body mass index.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers' levels in obese subjects and their associations with body mass index (BMI), in order to investigate the role of these biomarkers in obesity. Fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, albumin, urinary albumin, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitrate/nitrite (NOx), and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) were measured in 93 subjects divided according to different BMI. IL-6, urinary albumin, and IMA levels were significantly higher in obese subjects.