Radiopharmaceutical small-scale preparation in Europe: will we be able to harmonize the situation?

Background: Radiopharmaceuticals have been considered a special group of medicines in Europe since 1989. The use of radiopharmaceuticals that have marketing authorization should always be the first option in clinical use, however due to their special properties the availability of approved radiopharmaceuticals is limited. For this reason, they can be produced on a small scale outside the marketing authorization process.

Enlargement of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Canal and Mental Neuropathy Associated With B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Enlargement of an inferior alveolar nerve canal (IANC) on radiographic imaging can indicate the presence of a wide variety of pathologic entities. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons have the unique opportunity to regularly examine panoramic radiographs and must exercise proficient clinical judgment when noting abnormal findings on imaging. While malignant processes associated with IANC enlargement are uncommon, these pathologies do occur and may be associated with significant sequelae, especially when accompanied by a delay in diagnosis and in treatment.

Denervating the pelvic suspensory ligaments of horses causes morphological and histological changes in the ligaments.

Objective: To examine changes occurring in normal pelvic suspensory ligaments (SLs) of horses after denervating these ligaments and to investigate the effect chronic inflammation might have on these changes.

Animals: 10 horses.

Procedures: The SL of 1 randomly selected pelvic limb of each of 5 horses was injected with collagenase to induce desmitis, and 42 days later, the proximal aspect of both pelvic SLs were denervated.

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by flavonoids isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum.

Plant flavonoids show anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. Some flavonoids have been reported previously to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The present study focuses on the effect of various naturally occurring flavonoids (santin, ermanin, centaureidin and 5,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-7-methoxycarbonylflavonol) on modulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.

Flavonoids and a sesquiterpene lactone from Tanacetum microphyllum inhibit anti-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages.

In our ongoing research into anti-inflammatory compounds from Tanacetum microphyllum, four naturally occurring flavonoids (santin, ermanin, centaureidin and 5,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-7-methoxycarbonylflavonol) and one sesquiterpene lactone (hydroxyachillin) isolated from this plant, were evaluated as potential inhibitors of some macrophage functions involved in the inflammatory process. These five compounds significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (2) (PGE (2)) in a concentration-dependent manner. In the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) assay, only centaureidin and hydroxyachillin significantly inhibited the accumulation of TNF-alpha.