Performance of blood enterovirus and parechovirus polymerase chain reaction testing in young febrile infants: a prospective multicentre observational study.

Objectives: To analyse the performance of blood enterovirus and parechovirus PCR testing (ev-PCR) for invasive bacterial infection (IBI) (isolation of a single bacterial pathogen in a blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture) when evaluating well-appearing infants ≤90 days of age with fever without a source (FWS).

Methods: We describe the well-appearing infants ≤90 days of age with FWS and normal urine dipstick. We performed a prospective, observational multicentre study at five paediatric emergency departments between October 2020 and September 2023.

Management of Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: S100b, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, and Heart Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein Promising Biomarkers.

Children are highly vulnerable to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Blood biomarkers can help in their management. This study evaluated the performances of biomarkers, in discriminating between children with mTBI who had intracranial injuries (ICIs) on computed tomography (CT+) and (1) patients without ICI (CT-) or (2) both CT- and in-hospital-observation without CT patients.

Salmonella Bacteremia in Spanish Pediatric Emergency Departments: Uncommon But Not Mild.

Background: Salmonella spp. is an uncommon microorganism in bloodstream infections among pediatric patients in our setting, although in developing countries it is the most common causative organism in blood cultures.

Methods: We describe the children presenting to pediatric emergency departments and diagnosed with Salmonella bacteremia (SB) and identify clinical and laboratory predictors of poor outcome (ie, complications, sequelae and death) by bivariate analysis.

Critical Stenosis Because of Vocal Cord Synechiae in a Child.

Stridor is a clinical sign of an underlying disease and a common reason for pediatric emergency department (PED) consultation. Patients presenting with stridor must be evaluated to determine the origin of this abnormality. We present the case of a 7-year-old female patient who presented to our Pediatric Emergency Department with a history of recurrent episodes of stridor with increasing frequency over the previous 4 years, for this reason she was previously admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit.

Role of urine culture in paediatric patients with cancer with fever and neutropenia: a prospective observational study.

Objective: To evaluate the need for routine urine studies in children with febrile neutropenia with cancer.

Design: A prospective, observational study was conducted in two hospitals between November 2019 and October 2021.

Patients: We recruited 205 patients in total.

Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in the Pediatric Emergency Department and Predictors of Poor Outcome.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus has become the leading cause of bacteremia among previously healthy children older than 5 years.

Methods: We aimed to describe the infants presenting to pediatric emergency departments and diagnosed with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) and identify predictors (clinical and laboratory variables) of poor outcome (complications, sequelae or death).

Variability in the management of infants under 3 months with minor head injury in paediatric emergency departments.

Introduction: In the assessment of infants younger than 3 months with minor traumatic head injury (MHI), it is essential to adapt the indication of imaging tests. The Pediatric Head Injury/Trauma Algorithm (PECARN) clinical prediction rule is the most widely used to guide clinical decision making.

Objectives: To analyse the variability in the performance of imaging tests in infants under 3 months with MHI in paediatric emergency departments (PEDs) and the adherence of each hospital to the recommendations of the PECARN rule.

Evaluation of the PECARN rule for traumatic brain injury applied to infants younger than 3 months and creation of a modified, age-specific rule.

Unlabelled: Infants < 3 months with minor head trauma (MHT) are a particularly vulnerable group, though few studies have focused specifically on these patients. We aimed to evaluate the application of the PECARN prediction rule, designed for clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) in children < 2 years in infants < 3 months, and create a specific prediction rule for this population. We conducted a prospective multicenter observational study in 13 pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) in Spain.

Decrease in the use of bronchodilators in the management of bronchiolitis after applying improvement initiatives.

Introduction: In the treatment of patients with acute bronchiolitis there is great variability in clinical practice. Treatments whose efficacy has not been demonstrated are frequently used despite the recommendations contained in the Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Material And Methods: A quality improvement strategy is implemented in the care of patients with acute bronchiolitis in the Emergency Department, which is maintained for five years and is periodically updated to be increasingly restrictive regarding the use of bronchodilators.

Late-onset Group B Streptococcus Bacteremia Evaluated in the Pediatric Emergency Department and Risk Factors for Severe Infection.

Background: To describe the infants presenting to pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) and diagnosed with group B Streptococcus (GBS) late-onset disease (LOD) bacteremia and identify risk factors for severe infection and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission.

Methods: Observational study and subanalysis of a multicenter prospective registry. Setting: pediatric emergency department.

Evolution of incidence of chilblain-like lesions in children during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought innumerable reports of chilblains. The relation between pernio-like acral eruptions and COVID-19 has not been fully elucidated because most reported cases have occurred in patients with negative microbiological tests for SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: A retrospective study of 49 cases of chilblains seen during the first year of the pandemic in a children's hospital in Madrid, Spain.

Clinical spectrum of COVID-19 and risk factors associated with severity in Spanish children.

We aimed to identify the spectrum of disease in children with COVID-19, and the risk factors for admission in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). We conducted a multicentre, prospective study of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 76 Spanish hospitals. We included children with COVID-19 or multi-inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) younger than 18 years old, attended during the first year of the pandemic.

Dynamics of Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Serologic Test Results in Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Objectives: To determine the time to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negativity after the first positive RT-PCR test, factors associated with longer time to RT-PCR negativity, proportion of children seroconverting after proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and factors associated with the lack of seroconversion.

Study Design: The Epidemiological Study of Coronavirus in Children of the Spanish Society of Pediatrics is a multicenter study conducted in Spanish children to assess the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019. In a subset of patients, 3 serial RT-PCR tests on nasopharyngeal swab specimens were performed after the first RT-PCR test, and immunoglobulin G serology for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies was performed in the acute and follow-up (<14 and ≥14 days after diagnosis) phase.