Synthesis of neamine-based pseudodisaccharides as potential vestibulotoxic agents to treat vertigo in Ménière's disease.

Ménière's disease (MD) is a progressive disease of the inner ear characterized by recurring attacks of disabling vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus. Patients who do not respond to vestibular sedatives or steroids may require an intratympanic application of aminoglycoside antibiotics, which destroys the vestibular function of the affected ear in order to avoid the debilitating vertigo attacks. Although effective, this procedure causes hearing loss in almost one third of the patients due to the aminoglycosides cochlear toxicity.

Auditory skill analysis of a group of subjects with history of illicit drug use.

Unlabelled: Illicit drugs affect the central nervous system by introducing alterations in cognitive, attention and memory functions.

Aim: this paper aims to characterize the auditory selective attention skills of subjects with history of illicit drug use and check whether the amount of time for which these subjects took drugs impacts the severity of the encountered alterations.

Materials And Method: this is a cohort, cross-sectional retrospective study.

The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (hot) as an otoprotection agent against cisplatin ototoxicity.

Purpose: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT) consists of intermittent inhalations of 100% oxygen at a pressure higher than 1 atm. It is an important adjuvant therapy in pathological processes like soft tissue infections, radiation injury, gas gangrene, osteomyelitis and decompressive diseases. Cisplatin, a potent antineoplastic drug, widely used in cancer therapy is highly ototoxic causing bilateral, irreversible damage to the hearing of high frequency sounds (4-8 KHz).

Gentamicin attenuates gentamicin-induced ototoxicity - self-protection.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics cause considerable toxicity to the inner ear. A progressive hearing loss at high frequencies resulted from the loss of hair cells in the base of the cochlea and a constant preoccupation with finding a treatment that protects against their toxic effects. A self-protection phenomenon to high ototoxic doses of gentamicin is proposed in this paper.

Aminoglycoside antibiotic derivatives: preparation and evaluation of toxicity on cochlea and vestibular tissues and antimicrobial activity.

Aminoglycoside antibiotic derivatives such as neamine, methyl neobiosaminide B, 2-deoxystreptamine, tetra-azidoneamine, tetra-N-acetylneamine, tetra-N-carboxy-benzylneamine, tetra-N-carboxy-methylneamine and tetra-p-methoxy-benzyliminoneamine were prepared and evaluated as to their cochlear and vestibular toxicity. Methyl neobiosaminide B, the most promising derivative in the series showed selective, cochlea-dissociated vestibulotoxic activity and was considered to be a potential lead compound for the treatment of Ménière's disease. Antimicrobial properties of the compounds, qualitatively evaluated against a group of pathogenic bacteria, indicated that neomycin B sulfate, neamine as a free base and methyl-neobiosaminide B dihydrochloride show a broader range of activity when compared to the other derivatives.

Cisplatin ototoxicity and otoprotection with sodium salicylate.

Cisplatin is a potent antineoplastic drug widely used for the treatment of cancer in both adults and children. One of its most important side effects is ototoxicity, which leads to irreversible bilateral hearing loss for high frequencies (4-8 kHz). Several studies have tried to identify drugs that, when combined with cisplatin, may act as otoprotectors.