Alteration of anal sphincter function in patients with levator avulsion: observational study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The prevalence of levator avulsion after vaginal delivery ranges from 10 to 30 %. To our knowledge, no previous studies have used anorectal manometry (AM) to assess this injury's impact on the functionality of the anal sphincter complex. We hypothesized that women with levator avulsion have lower manometric pressures.

Perinatal outcome and long-term follow-up of extremely low birth weight infants depending on the mode of delivery.

Objective: To assess the effect of the mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section) on survival, morbidity, and long-term psychomotor development of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Methods: A longitudinal observational study including 138 ELBW infants (73 born by c-section and 65 vaginally) was conducted. We analyzed the survival and short-term morbidity.