Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for distal ureteral calculi: improved efficacy using low frequency.

Objectives: To compare low versus high frequency for lithotripsy in the management of distal ureteral calculi.

Methods: A total of 154 patients with radio-opaque calculi (0.5-1 cm diameter) in the distal ureter were randomized to be given either lithotripsy at 80 or 60 pulses per min (high frequency or low frequency groups, respectively).

Hand metastasis from renal carcinoma.

Renal carcinoma may develop metachronous distant metastases without evidence of regional or local disease recurrence. These lesions may be misdiagnosed because of its benign-like appearance and lack of evidence of other disease spread.

Squamous differentiation in primary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary tract as seen by MAC387 immunohistochemistry.

Squamous differentiation (SqD) is variably present in urinary tract tumours, but its significance remains unclear. In this study, SqD was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody Mac387 in 145 urothelial tumours (bladder, n = 115; renal pelvis, n = 30). Mac387 detects the myelomonocytic L1 antigen; a member of the calgranulin family shared by epithelial cells and keratinocytes.

Apoptotic and proliferation indexes in primary superficial bladder tumors.

Whether apoptotic index [AI] and/or Ki-67 labeling index [Ki-67LI] add prognostic information in bladder cancer remains unclear. Mean AI and Ki-67 LI increased with grade and stage in 147 superficial bladder tumors. AI (>1.

Association of human herpesvirus type 6 DNA with human bladder cancer.

We examined the presence of human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV6) DNA in a series of 74 bladder carcinomas from a Mediterranean population to elucidate their possible role as cofactor in the development of bladder cancer with or without associated human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HHV-6 type B DNA was present in 5 men (6.8%) out of the 74 tumors investigated; two of them had associated HPV-16 DNA in the same specimen.

Prognostic factors in survival of patients with stage Ta and T1 bladder urothelial tumors: the role of G1-S modulators (p53, p21Waf1, p27Kip1, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3), proliferation index, and clinicopathologic parameters.

We studied 159 cases of superficial (stage Ta or T1) bladder tumors to determine the significance on survival of a subset of regulators of transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle (p53, p21Waf1, p27Kip1, cyclin D1, cyclin D3) and tumor proliferation (Ki-67 [MIB-1]). Clinical findings (patient age, sex, tumor size, grade, stage [Ta or T1]) were included in the analysis. Univariate analysis revealed association of tumor size (P = .