Decreased impulsiveness and MEG normalization after AI-digital therapy in ADHD children: a RCT.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents with symptoms like impulsiveness, inattention, and hyperactivity, often affecting children's academic and social functioning. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as digital cognitive therapy, are emerging as complementary treatments for ADHD. The randomized controlled trial explored the impact of an AI-driven digital cognitive program on impulsiveness, inattentiveness, and neurophysiological markers in 41 children aged 8-12 with ADHD.

Physiological parameters to support attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis in children: a multiparametric approach.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a high-prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, frequently co-occurring with other psychiatric and medical conditions. Current diagnosis is time-consuming and often delays effective treatment; to date, no valid biomarker has been identified to facilitate this process. Research has linked the core symptoms of ADHD to autonomic dysfunction resulting from impaired arousal modulation, which contributes to physiological abnormalities that may serve as useful biomarkers for the disorder.

Caregiver-reported emotional-behavioral symptoms in Spanish youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic stressors affected youth's mental health. This longitudinal study aims to explore these effects while considering predictive factors such as age and sex.

Methods: An initial sample of 1502 caregivers answered a longitudinal survey evaluating their youths' (4-17 years of age) emotional/behavioral symptoms using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) screening tool.

Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. A current area of interest is the association between ADHD and food consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the food consumption and dietary patterns of children with and without ADHD in relation to their age and ADHD presentation.

Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation and Sleep Problems in ADHD with and without Pharmacological Treatment.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyse DESR and its influence on sleep parameters in three different groups of children and adolescents: a group newly diagnosed with ADHD naïve, a group with ADHD under pharmacological treatment and a control group.

Method: Subjects were a total of 327 children and adolescents. Two groups diagnosed with ADHD: 108 medication-naïve and 80 under pharmacological treatment; and one group with 136 healthy subjects.

ADHD subtypes are associated differently with circadian rhythms of motor activity, sleep disturbances, and body mass index in children and adolescents: a case-control study.

To date, few studies have examined the circadian pattern of motor activity in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective was to study the circadian pattern of motor activity in subjects with ADHD (medication naïve) and to investigate the relationships between alterations in circadian patterns, the ADHD subtype (combined or inattentive), sleep disturbances and body mass index (BMI). One-hundred twenty children and adolescents (60 medication naïve ADHD and 60 controls) were included in a gender- and age-matched case-control study.

ADHD Symptoms, Academic and Social Difficulties in Parents of Children with ADHD.

: To evaluate the prevalence of ADHD in a group of parents of children with ADHD compared with the general population. To compare academic level, unemployment aid rate and marital separations/divorce of this parents sample. : The experimental group was formed by the parents of 60 children with ADHD.

Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Mindfulness as a Useful Treatment Modality.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a structured mindfulness group intervention program targeting deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) in a sample of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: Seventy-two children aged 7 to 12 years with ADHD were randomized into 2 groups (mindfulness and control). The dysregulation profile was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Attention/Anxiety-Depression/Aggression scales.

Difference in Psychic Distress Lived by Parents With ADHD Children and Parents With Healthy Children: Focus on Gender Differences.

ADHD has a complex and negative influence on the family system. The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of emotional distress in a group of parents of children with ADHD. A sample was recruited from the public health system ADHD Unit at Sant Joan de Déu Hospital (Barcelona).

One-Year Prospective Study of Liver Function Tests in Children and Adolescents on Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Is There a Link with Metabolic Syndrome?

Objective: To analyze liver function tests (LFT), weight, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and at risk of meeting MetS criteria (AR-MetS) in children and adolescents on antipsychotics (AP) during a year-long follow-up.

Methods: Two hundred sixteen patients, AP naïve or quasi-naïve (<30 days on AP), were included. Total bilirubin, the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), weight and other parameters of MetS were measured at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months, while patients remained on the same AP.

Health care and societal costs of the management of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Spain: a descriptive analysis.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition in childhood (5.3% to 7.1% worldwide prevalence), with substantial overall financial burden to children/adolescents, their families, and society.

The Mediterranean Diet and ADHD in Children and Adolescents.

Objectives: Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been related to nutrient deficiencies and "unhealthy" diets, to date there are no studies that examined the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and ADHD. We hypothesized that a low adherence to a Mediterranean diet would be positively associated with an increase in ADHD diagnosis.

Methods: A total of 120 children and adolescents (60 with newly diagnosed ADHD and 60 controls) were studied in a sex- and age-matched case-control study.

Delphi Consensus on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): evaluation by a panel of experts.

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, which is frequently maintained in adolescent and adult age. It presents great clinical heterogeneity, significantly affecting the functioning of those who suffer it. Although drug treatments obtain results by themselves, the approach should be multidisciplinary and be adapted to the specific needs of each patient and his/ her family.

Absence of Change in Corrected QT Interval in Children and Adolescents Receiving Antipsychotic Treatment: A 12 Month Study.

Background: Prescriptions of antipsychotic drugs (AP) in children and adolescents have significantly increased in Europe as well as in the United States. However, there is limited evidence of the cardiac safety of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) in the pediatric population.

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the cardiac side effects of SGA in children and adolescents, and how they are influenced by clinical, demographic, and treatment factors.

Neurological Adverse Effects of Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic, clinical, and treatment factors that may impact on neurological adverse effects in naive and quasi-naive children and adolescents treated with antipsychotics.

Methods: This was a 1-year, multicenter, observational study of a naive and quasi-naive pediatric population receiving antipsychotic treatment. Two subanalyses were run using the subsample of subjects taking the 3 most used antipsychotics and the subsample of antipsychotic-naive subjects.

Expert recommendation: contributions to clinical practice of the new prodrug lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobiological disorders in childhood, and is characterized by inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsiveness, with an estimated prevalence of 5.29%. ADHD can have a negative impact upon all areas of the life of the patient.

Antipsychotic use in children and adolescents: a 1-year follow-up study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the initial treatment with antipsychotics (APs) and its changes during the first year of treatment in patients visited in specialized child and adolescent psychiatry departments.

Methods: Participants were 265 patients, aged 4 to 17 years, who attended consecutively at 4 different centers and were naive of AP or quasi-naive (less than 30 days since the beginning of AP treatment). Type of AP, dosage, and concomitant medication were registered at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after beginning the treatment with AP.

Prognostic factors of improvement in health-related quality of life in atomoxetine-treated children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, based on a pooled analysis.

The objective of this study is to identify prognostic factors of treatment response to atomoxetine in improvement of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), measured by the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition Parent Report Form (CHIP-CE PRF) Achievement and Risk Avoidance domains, in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Pooled data from 3 placebo-controlled trials and separate data from 3 open-label trials of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with ADHD were analyzed using logistic regression methods. Based on baseline impairment in the Achievement and/or Risk Avoidance domains (CHIP-CE PRF < 40 points), 2 subsamples of subjects were included.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: agreement between clinical impression and the SNAP-IV screening tool.

Introduction: The CONCOR study aimed to determine the predictive value of the SNAP-IV screening tool for ADHD relative to the pediatricians' clinical global impression of the presence of ADHD in children attending their practice.

Methods: In this multicentre, cross-sectional, case-control study participated pediatricians from all over Spain and each pediatrician enrolled at least six children over the age of 6 years who had no previous diagnosis of ADHD, three whom they considered to have symptoms characteristic of ADHD (DSM-IV criteria) and three children who did not. Screening with the SNAP-IV tool was completed by parents in the waiting room prior to a consultation (for any reason) and results were compared with the pediatrician's clinical global impression.

Secondary effects of antipsychotic treatment in naive or quasi-naive children and adolescents: design of a follow-up protocol and baseline results.

Introduction: The prescribing of anti-psychotic drugs has become a normal clinical practice.

Methods: This article presents a longitudinal, multicentre study of 12 months conducted on 266 children and adolescents who were prescribed a first or second generation antipsychotic drug for the first time, and the baseline results of the study. The follow-up protocol had as its purpose to detect the possible appearance of metabolic, cardiological, and motor changes.

Association of childhood adversities with the first onset of mental disorders in Spain: results from the ESEMeD project.

Purpose: Childhood adversities (CAs) have consistently been associated with mental health problems in childhood and adulthood. However, few studies have employed appropriate statistical methods that take into account overlap among CAs, and many of the ones that did so were based on insufficiently complex models. The present paper studies the prevalence of a wide variety of CAs, as well as their relationship to the onset of mental disorders in a representative sample of a Spanish population.

Protein kinase A signalling is involved in the relaxant responses to the selective β-oestrogen receptor agonist diarylpropionitrile in rat aortic smooth muscle in vitro.

Objectives: The oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) selective agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) relaxes endothelium-denuded rat aorta, but the signalling mechanism is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether protein kinase A (PKA) signalling is involved in DPN action.

Methods: cAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay, HSP20 phosphorylation by 2D gel electrophoresis with immunoblotting, and membrane potential and free cytosolic calcium by flow cytometry.

Psychometric properties of the Young Mania Rating Scale for the identification of mania symptoms in Spanish children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Diagnosing mania in children is difficult, due to the high comorbidity and symptom overlap with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The detection of manic symptoms in ADHD has important implications for prognosis and choice of treatment. Our objective was to study the utility of the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) for discriminating mania in Spanish children with ADHD.

Changes of urine dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with atomoxetine.

This study investigated changes in the urine dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with atomoxetine. The possible relationship with clinical response was also explored. Newly ADHD diagnosed, treatment-naïve children or adolescents were double-blindly randomized (2:1) to atomoxetine (n = 28) or placebo (n = 13).