Optimization of levetiracetam dosing regimen in critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance: a Monte Carlo simulation study.

Background: Levetiracetam pharmacokinetics is extensively altered in critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance (ARC). Consequently, the dosage regimens commonly used in clinical practice may not be sufficient to achieve target plasma concentrations. The aim of this study is to propose alternative dosage regimens able to achieve target concentrations in this population.

Plasmapheresis in the Treatment of Refractory Myoclonic Status. A Case Report.

A case of myoclonic status treated with plasmapheresis in a patient of 63 years of age who was admitted to a Spanish intensive care unit is reported. The patient showed clinical and radiological evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; molecular tests did not verify this.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam and Dosing Evaluation in Critically Ill Patients with Normal or Augmented Renal Function.

Levetiracetam is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug commonly used in intensive care units (ICUs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of levetiracetam dosing in patients with normal or augmented renal clearance (ARC) admitted to the ICU by population modelling and simulation. A multicentre prospective study including twenty-seven critically ill patients with urinary creatinine clearance (CrCl) > 50 mL/min and treated with levetiracetam was developed.

Impact of augmented renal clearance on the pharmacokinetics of linezolid: Advantages of continuous infusion from a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic perspective.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of renal function, in particular the presence of augmented renal clearance (ARC), on the pharmacokinetics of linezolid in critically ill patients. The effect of continuous infusion on the probability of therapeutic success from a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) perspective was also evaluated.

Methods: Seventeen patients received linezolid (600 mg every 12 h) as a 30-min infusion and 26 as a continuous infusion (50 mg/h).

Novel Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Linezolid in Critically Ill Patients and Evaluation of the Adequacy of the Current Dosing Recommendation.

Antimicrobial treatment in critically ill patients remains challenging. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for linezolid in critically ill patients and to evaluate the adequacy of current dosing recommendation (600 mg/12 h). Forty inpatients were included, 23 of whom were subjected to continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT).

Pharmacokinetics of linezolid in critically ill patients on continuous renal replacement therapy: Influence of residual renal function on PK/PD target attainment.

Purpose: To assess the pharmacokinetics of linezolid in septic patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and investigate whether residual renal function affects the probability of attaining the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target.

Material And Methods: Prospective study conducted in three Spanish hospitals. Linezolid concentrations were measured in plasma and effluent samples and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.

Application of the new Sepsis-3 definition in a cohort of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock admitted to Intensive Care Unit from the Emergency Department.

Background And Objectives: After the publication of the new definition for sepsis and septic shock, our objective is to analyse the evolution of patients admitted to ICU with an infection process using the previous and new recommendations.

Materials And Methods: This is a sub-analysis of a previous observational prospective study. We included 98 patients admitted to ICU from the emergency department due to infection during an 18-month period.

Utility of SOFA and Δ-SOFA scores for predicting outcome in critically ill patients from the emergency department.

Objective: The condition of critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED) varies from moment to moment. The aims of this study are to quantify sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and changes in SOFA scores over time and determine its prognostic impact.

Patients And Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study.

Short- and long-term prognosis of critically-ill patients referred to the ICU from the Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital.

Background And Objective: A frequent source of critically-ill patients admitted to the ICU is the Emergency Department. It is essential to analyse the short-term prognosis of these patients, but also their evolution after their discharge from the hospital, since this is one of the major concerns of these patients. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients admitted to the ICU from the Emergency Department and to analyse their outcome.

Enteral Nutrition in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation in a Prone Position.

Background: Patients treated with mechanical ventilation in the prone position (PP) could have an increased risk for feeding intolerance. However, the available evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited and contradictory.

Objective: To examine the feasibility and efficacy of enteral nutrition (EN) support and its associated complications in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in PP.

Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: application to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and to assess the success of the therapy against susceptible bacteria.

Patients And Methods: Sixteen patients undergoing CRRT with different degrees of renal function were included in the study. Blood and ultrafiltrate samples were drawn after administration of piperacillin/tazobactam (4/0.

Direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized cartridge in severe sepsis due to intestinal perforation: hemodynamic findings and clinical considerations in anticoagulation therapy.

Background: High levels of endotoxin have been reported as a risk factor for mortality in critical patients. Toraymyxin® is a column designed to remove circulating blood endotoxin by direct hemoperfusion widely used in Japan.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of direct hemoperfusion with Toraymyxin® (DHP-PMX) as an adjuvant treatment in patients with severe sepsis due to intestinal perforation in terms of hemodynamic function and coagulation abnormalities.

Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy.

Background And Objective: Meropenem is a carbapenem antibacterial frequently prescribed for the treatment of severe infections in critically ill patients, including those receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of meropenem in critically ill patients undergoing CRRT.

Patients And Methods: A prospective, open-label study was conducted in 20 patients undergoing CRRT.

In vitro AN69 and polysulphone membrane permeability to ceftazidime and in vivo pharmacokinetics during continuous renal replacement therapies.

Background: Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin almost entirely eliminated by glomerular filtration and dose reductions are essential in patients with renal impairment. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of ceftazidime make it susceptible to be eliminated by continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT), but there is little clinical information to guide the correct administration in patients undergoing these techniques.

Methods: In vitro procedures were carried out in three different fluids, using AN69 or polysulphone membranes.

Meropenem and continuous renal replacement therapy: in vitro permeability of 2 continuous renal replacement therapy membranes and influence of patient renal function on the pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients.

The pharmacokinetics of meropenem were characterized in 20 patients with different degrees of renal function who underwent continuous renal replacement therapy. Previously, no differences were detected in vitro in the removal of meropenem by continuous venovenous hemofiltration or continuous venovenous hemodialysis or when AN69 or polysulfone membranes were compared. In patients, no significant differences in the sieving coefficient or the saturation coefficient with the renal function were found, and the mean sieving coefficient/saturation coefficient value (0.

Influence of renal function on the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in intensive care unit patients during continuous venovenous hemofiltration.

The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam (4 g/0.5 g every 6 or 8 hours, by 20-minute intravenous infusion) were studied in 14 patients with acute renal failure who underwent continuous venovenous hemofiltration with AN69 membranes. Patients were grouped according to severity (CL(CR) < or =10 mL/min, 10 < CL(CR) < or =50 mL/min, and CL(CR) > 50 mL/min).