Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia. Pregnancy increases the risk of OSA; however, the relationship between OSA and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear. We aimed (1) to evaluate OSA prevalence in GDM patients; (2) to assess the association between OSA and GDM; and (3) to determine the relationships between sleep parameters with insulin resistance (IR).

Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Systemic Inflammation in Pregnancy.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in pregnancy and it is associated with adverse pregnancy-related outcomes such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and low birth weight. Maternal systemic inflammation is proposed to be one of the main intermediate mechanisms. However, the effects of OSA on systemic inflammation are unknown in normal pregnancy.

Long-term outcomes of necrotizing pneumonia.

Introduction: Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a serious complication of community-acquired pneumonia characterised by the destruction of normal lung parenchyma. No study has evaluated the repercussions of the lung damage in the years following the episode. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term impact on lung function and respiratory symptoms in children hospitalised due to NP.

Surfactant protein D concentration in a pediatric population with suspected sleep disorder.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects between 2% and 4% in children and there is a search for new biomarkers that can be useful both in the diagnosis and in the evolution of the disease. The surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collection that is part of the innate immune system exerting an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration of SP-D in the suspect OSA pediatric population.

High flow nasal cannula versus standard low flow nasal oxygen during flexible bronchoscopy in children: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hypoxemia is the most frequent complication of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) in children. Guidelines recommend oxygen supplementation and conventional nasal prongs (NC) are used for this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the use of high-flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) in children undergoing FB result in a lower incidence of hypoxemia than standard oxygen administration.

Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia. Pregnancy increases the risk of OSA; however, the relationship between OSA and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear. We aimed (1) to evaluate OSA prevalence in GDM patients; (2) to assess the association between OSA and GDM; and (3) to determine the relationships between sleep parameters with insulin resistance (IR).

Vitamin D as a biomarker of health in snoring children: a familial aggregation study.

Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a common health problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and paternal and maternal vitamin D status in a sample of snoring children.

Methods: We selected 137 participants for whom serum 25(OH)D had been measured and underwent overnight polysomnography evaluation.

Polysomnographic Characteristics of Snoring Children: A Familial Study of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Background And Objectives: Available evidence suggests a familial basis for OSA. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential influences of parental OSA in predicting the diagnosis and severity of OSA in snoring children.

Methods: Observational study, we prospectively enrolled 84 children and their parents.

Diagnosis and management of aspiration using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in a Pediatric Pulmonology Unit.

Background And Objectives: Swallowing disorders lead to chronic lung aspiration. Early detection and treatment of aspiration in children with dysphagia are important to prevent lung damage. Diagnosis of aspiration, which may be silent, requires an instrumental study such as fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES).

The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on the Emergency Department and Management of the Pediatric Asthmatic Patient.

Introduction: Asthma exacerbation is among the commonest causes for pediatric emergency room visits, and respiratory viruses are frequent triggers of such exacerbations. Few studies have evaluated the consequences of the novel human coronavirus that causes the illness currently known as COVID-19, in the pediatric population.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on the emergency department in the pediatric asthmatic patient.

[Long-term outcomes of necrotizing pneumonia].

Introduction: Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a serious complication of community-acquired pneumonia characterised by the destruction of normal lung parenchyma. No study has evaluated the repercussions of the lung damage in the years following the episode. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term impact on lung function and respiratory symptoms in children hospitalised due to NP.

Utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy for difficult airway in neonates.

Background: Newborns diagnosed with craniofacial malformations or laryngeal and tracheal alterations may often need advanced airway-management for airway stabilization. Although fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) is currently the gold standard for difficult airway management, there is a scarcity of published data on the application of FB in newborns for intubation and controlled extubation (CE).

Objectives: This study describes a case series where FB is used for intubation and/or extubation to manage newborns with difficult airway in either urgent procedures or scheduled ones.

Safe use of systemic bevacizumab for respiratory recurrent papillomatosis in two children.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis can be a devastating condition for a child, with severe consequences. Currently, there is no proven successful medical treatment. We describe the use of systemic bevacizumab to treat two children affected by aggressive recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Prothrombotic state in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: Increased blood coagulation might be one important mechanism linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with cardiovascular diseases. We tested the association between several hemostatic parameters and sleep breathing-related variables in a representative pediatric population with a clinical suspicion of OSA.

Methods: Polysomnography was performed in 152 snoring children to diagnose OSA.

Neonatal swallowing assessment using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES).

Objectives: Swallowing disorders which lead to aspiration are common in premature infants with a postmenstrual age (PMA) of >36 weeks. Aspiration is often silent and the unique symptom is desaturation during feeding. The aim of this study was 1) to determine the number of prematures with desaturations during feeding due to aspiration, using Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES); 2) to relate clinical factors and FEES findings to aspiration; and 3) to describe type and efficacy of suggested treatments.

Circulating branched-chain amino acids in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Introduction: The effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the metabolic system are not well understood, especially in children. Recent studies have provided evidence of the modulation of insulin action by branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and suggested novel mechanistic relationships between glucose and amino acid metabolic pathways. We hypothesized that plasma BCAA levels may serve as biomarkers of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in children with OSA.

Hypoxia Challenge Testing in Neonates for Fitness to Fly.

Background: Preflight hypoxia challenge testing (HCT) in a body plethysmograph has previously been done only on infants >3 months of corrected gestational age (CGA). This study aims to determine the earliest fit-to-fly age by testing neonates <1 week old.

Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out on 3 groups of infants: healthy term infants ≤7 days old, preterm infants (≥34 weeks CGA) 2 to 3 days before discharge, and preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Acute Phase of Bronchiolitis and Its Relation with Episodes of Subsequent Wheezing in Children of Preschool Age.

BACKGROUND: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels are increased in children with asthma and in infants with recurrent wheezing, but the role of FENO in the acute phase of bronchiolitis is still not defined. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate FENO values in the acute phase of bronchiolitis, compare them with healthy infants, and relate those values with the appearance of other wheezing episodes. METHODS: FENO values were determined in infants between 2 months and 2 years affected with RVS bronchiolitis by offline method.

Utility of the pediatric sleep questionnaire and pulse oximetry as screening tools in pediatric patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Objective. To assess the screening tools in snoring patients. Material and Methods.