Emergence of quinolone-resistant, topoisomerase-mutant Brucella after treatment with fluoroquinolones in a macrophage experimental infection model.

Aim Of The Study: To determine the activity of fluoroquinolones (FQ) and the selection of FQ-resistant mutants in a macrophage experimental infection model (MEIM).

Material And Methods: Canine macrophages were inoculated with Brucella melitensis ATCC 23457 (WT), achieving intracellular counts of around 105 CFU/mL. Cell cultures were incubated in the presence of ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV), moxifloxacin (MOX), and doxycycline (DOX).

Multicenter study evaluating the role of enterococci in secondary bacterial peritonitis.

A 1-year prospective multicenter study was performed to explore the significance of the presence of enterococci in cultures of peritoneal fluid from patients with secondary bacterial peritonitis in seven Spanish hospitals. The clinical records of patients with positive peritoneal fluid cultures were reviewed and distributed into cases (patients with cultures yielding enterococci) and controls (patients with cultures not yielding enterococci). Of a total of 158 records, 38 (24.

[Recommendations in the empiric anti-infective agents of intra-abdominal infection].

A significant number of patients with abdominal infection develop advanced stages of infection and mortality is still above 20%. Failure is multifactorial and is associated with an increase of bacterial resitance, inappropriate empirical treatment, a higher comorbidity of patients and poor source control of infection. These guidelines discuss each of these problems and propose measures to avoid the failure based on the best current scientific evidence.

Hepatitis B reactivation in a hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patient after allogeneic bone marrow transplant: successful treatment with lamivudine and seroconversion.

Hepatitis B reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative and anti-HBsAg antibodies-positive patients is an infrequent complication of chemotherapy, usually with fatal evolution. Here we report an HBsAg-negative patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome, who developed hepatitis B reactivation after chemotherapy and evolved favorably after lamivudine treatment, allowing seroconversion.

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Brucella melitensis mutants obtained in vitro.

Three fluoroquinolone-resistant Brucella melitensis mutants were obtained after successive passages on norfloxacin-containing agar plates. The original strain was B. melitensis biovar 2 ATCC 23457.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis producing a TEM-52 beta-lactamase: first report in Spain.

TEM-52 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) that is being increasingly reported in enterobacteria. In Spain, TEM-52 had been reported before only in Escherichia coli. Here we report the first finding of a TEM-52 ESBL in Salmonella in Spain, associated to a Tn3 transposon.

Activity of meropenem and comparators against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. isolated in the MYSTIC Program, 2002-2004.

This study examines the susceptibilities of meropenem and other broad-spectrum antimicrobials tested against bacterial isolates collected from hospitalized patients during 2002-2004 from worldwide medical centers participating in the Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC) Program. The in vitro activity of meropenem and 5 comparator antimicrobial agents was assessed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. Generally, the susceptibility of Australasian and North American isolates was higher than that of the European and South American isolates.

Risk factors associated with colonization by pneumococci with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in adult outpatients.

We developed a case-control study in order to identify risk factors associated with pharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin MIC, > or =4 microg/ml). A total of 400 patients were studied for colonization by quinolone-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (QNSP) isolates and risk factors for this colonization.

[Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility among uropathogens causing community-acquired lower urinary tract infections: a nationwide surveillance study].

Introduction: Knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is required to prescribe empirical therapy and formulate guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections. This multicenter study assesses the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of the main community-acquired uropathogens in Spain.

Methods: Between March and July 2002, a prospective, multicenter study was conducted in 15 microbiology laboratories located in nine autonomous regions.

Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngeal isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Spain: mechanisms of resistance and clonal diversity.

A survey of emm gene sequences and an analysis of the pulsed-field electrophoretic profiles of 30 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates with reduced susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin detected the prevalence of isolates with emm type 6 and considerable genetic diversity among isolates. The mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance in these isolates was based on point mutations in topoisomerase IV subunit C encoded by parC, mainly replacement of serine-79 by alanine.

[Seroprevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, hepatitis B and C virus, and HIV in pregnant women].

Introduction: The prevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated in pregnant women.

Methods: With the use of several serological methods in samples from women who had their first obstetric visit in 2001, we studied the prevalence of serum antibodies against T. pallidum, T.