[Not Available].

Consensus statement on smoking and vascular risk About 22% of the Spanish population are daily smokers. Men are more likely to smoke than women. In Spain, women between 15-25 years of age smoke as much or more than men.

Are lead, cadmium and mercury risk factors for resistant hypertension?

Background: Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are toxic trace elements that represent a public health problem as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and hypertension (HT) and could also contribute to the development of resistant hypertension (rHT) AIMS: To compare the blood concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in subjects with resistant and non-resistant HT and to define whether there is a relationship between its levels and rHT.

Methods: Cross-sectional study. Subjects aged ≥ 21 to ≤ 80 years with a body mass index < 40 kg/m2 were recruited on a discretionary basis from October 2001 to October 2004 in a hypertension unit of a tertiary hospital amongst those sent to the hypertension unit by their family physician.

Consensus document for lipid profile testing and reporting in Spanish clinical laboratories: what parameters should a basic lipid profile include?

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in our country. Adequate control of lipid metabolism disorders is a key challenge in cardiovascular prevention that is far from being achieved in real clinical practice. There is a great heterogeneity in the reports of lipid metabolism from Spanish clinical laboratories, which may contribute to its poor control.

Consensus document for lipid profile testing and reporting in Spanish clinical laboratories: What parameters should a basic lipid profile include?

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in our country. Adequate control of lipid metabolism disorders is a key challenge in cardiovascular prevention that is far from being achieved in real clinical practice. There is a great heterogeneity in the reports of lipid metabolism from Spanish clinical laboratories, which may contribute to its poor control.

Consensus document for lipid profile testing and reporting in Spanish clinical laboratories.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in our country. Adequate control of lipid metabolism disorders is a key challenge in cardiovascular prevention that is far from being achieved in real clinical practice. There is a great heterogeneity in the reports of lipid metabolism from Spanish clinical laboratories, which may contribute to its poor control.

Consensus document for lipid profile determination and reporting in Spanish clinical laboratories. What parameters should be included in a basic lipid profile?

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in our country. Adequate control of lipid metabolism disorders is a key challenge in cardiovascular prevention that is far from being achieved in real clinical practice. There is a great heterogeneity in the reports of lipid metabolism from Spanish clinical laboratories, which may contribute to its poor control.

Information and consensus document for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide that affects more than 10% of the Spanish population. CKD is associated with high comorbidity rates, poor prognosis and major consumption of health system resources. Since the publication of the last consensus document on CKD seven years ago, little evidence has emerged and few clinical trials on new diagnostic and treatment strategies in CKD have been conducted, apart from new trials in diabetic kidney disease.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy vs. radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of primary aldosteronism. A single center retrospective cohort analysis adjusted with propensity score.

Background: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is the gold standard treatment for unilateral primary aldosteronism. However, satisfactory results have also been published with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The aim of this study was to compare LA and RFA for the treatment of primary aldosteronism.

Renal denervation for the treatment of resistant hypertension in Spain. The Flex-Spyral Registry.

Introduction And Objectives: Renal denervation is a percutaneous intervention for the treatment of resistant hypertension. Randomized studies have shown contradictory results on its efficacy. We present the results of a renal denervation registry for the treatment of resistant hypertension in real-life patients in Spain.

Management of Arterial Hypertension: 2018 ACC/AHA Versus ESC Guidelines and Perioperative Implications.

Hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor worldwide and the leading cause of death and premature morbidity. Despite its prevalence, evaluation and management are nonuniform despite multiple society guidelines worldwide. Guidelines from scientific societies aim to provide standardized recommendations based on the scientific evidence available.

Effect of intensive multifactorial treatment on vascular progenitor cells in hypertensive patients.

Background: Most hypertensive patients, despite a proper control of their cardiovascular risk factors, have cardiovascular complications, evidencing the importance of controlling and/or reversing target-organ damage. In this sense, endothelial dysfunction has been associated with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and related cardiovascular outcomes. Since hypertension often clusters with other risk factors such as dyslipemia, diabetes and obesity, in this study we have investigated the effect of intensive multifactorial treatment on circulating vascular progenitor cell levels on high-risk hypertensive patients.

[Primary care evaluation of the hypertensive patient management in specialized care after derivation (DERIVA-2 Study)].

Introduction: To know the opinion/evaluation of the primary care physicians (PCPH) of the received information about patients that were attended in specialized care (SC).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Location: Performed nationwide in primary care centers.

Consensus document on the prevention of methylmercury exposure in Spain: Study group for the prevention of Me-Hg exposure in Spain (GEPREM-Hg).

The beneficial effects of fish consumption in both children and adults are well known. However, the intake of methylmercury, mainly from contaminated fish and shellfish, can have adverse health effects. The study group on the prevention of exposure to methylmercury (GEPREM-Hg), made up of representatives from different Spanish scientific societies, has prepared a consensus document in a question and answer format, containing the group's main conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

Primary aldosteronism and its various clinical scenarios.

Background: Primary aldosteronism is the most frequent endocrine cause of secondary hypertension. Aldosterone excess damages the cardiovascular system.

Objectives: We compared biochemical; morphological, and cardiovascular risk differences among hypokalemic and normokalemic primary aldosteronism.

[Evaluation of referral process of the hypertensive patient in Spain: DERIVA study].

Introduction: An adequate communication between levels of medical attention is the key point for optimal treatment and outcomes of the hypertensive population.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of the hypertensive patients' derivation from Primary Care to Specialized Care. As secondary objectives, the information registered on the derivation report was assessed and concordance between derivation reason and final diagnosis was analysed.

[Consensus document on the prevention of exposure to methylmercury in Spain].

The beneficial effects of fish consumption in both children and adults are well known. However, the intake of methylmercury, mainly from contaminated fish and shellfish, can have adverse health effects. The study group on the prevention of exposure to methylmercury (GEPREM-Hg), made up of representatives from different Spanish scientific societies, has prepared a consensus document in a question and answer format, containing the group's main conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

[Methylmercury: existing recommendations; methods of analysing and interpreting the results; economic evaluation].

The beneficial effects of fish consumption are well- known. Nevertheless, there is worldwide concern regard methylmercury concentrations in fish, which is why many countries such as the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and numerous European countries have made fish consumption recommendations for their populations, particularly vulnerable groups, in order to México methylmercury intake. Blood and hair are the best biological samples for measuring methylmercury.

[The effects of methylmercury on health in children and adults; national and international studies].

The benefit of fish consumption in children and adults is well-known. However, it has been pointed out that excessive methylmercury intake due to consumption of contaminated fish leads to neurological toxicity in children, affecting cognitive function, memory, visual-motor function and language. After the intoxications in Minamata and Iraq, wide-ranging epidemiological studies were carried out in New Zealand, the Faroe Islands and the Seychelles and international recommendations were established for fish consumption in pregnant women and small children.

[Methylmercury exposure in the general population; toxicokinetics; differences by gender, nutritional and genetic factors].

Mercury is an environmental toxicant that causes numerous adverse effects on human health and natural ecosystems. The factors that determine the existance of adverse effects, as well as their severity are, among others: the chemical form of mercury (elemental, inorganic, organic), dosis, age, period of exposure, pathways of exposure and environmental, nutritional and genetic factors. In the aquatic cycle of mercury, once it has been deposited, it is transformed into methylmercury due to the action of certain sulphate-reducing bacteria, which bioaccumulates in the aquatic organisms and moves into the food chain.

Management of resistant hypertension in a multidisciplinary unit of renal denervation: protocol and results.

Introduction And Objectives: Resistant hypertension is a clinical problem because of its difficult management and increased morbidity and mortality. Catheter-based renal denervation has been demonstrated to improve control in these patients. The results of establishing a multidisciplinary unit for the implementation of renal denervation in the management of resistant hypertension are described.

[Measurement of blood pressure in consultation and automated mesurement (BPTru(®)) to evaluate the white coat effect].

Background And Objective: White coat effect (WCE) is one of the main bias that can affect office blood pressure (BP) measurement. Therefore, it is a factor must be considered in hypertensives to avoid mistakes in diagnosis and/or treatment. Employment of automated office BP (AOBP) devices could diminish that effect.

Microalbuminuria breakthrough under chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system suppression.

Objectives: Microalbuminuria has been shown to be a potent predictor for future development of cardiovascular and renal events that can be prevented by the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Both classes of drugs are now-a-days widely used in the treatment of arterial hypertension since the very early stages of the cardiorenal continuum when only cardiovascular risk factors are detected. We describe here the development of de-novo microalbuminuria in patients chronically treated with either an ACEi or an ARB at adequate doses.

Validation of a therapeutic scheme for the treatment of resistant hypertension.

We tested the hypothesis that a therapeutic strategy of substituting the diuretic (most commonly hydrochlorothiazide) with chlorthalidone (50 mg/day), and, if needed, the calcium channel blocker with the highest dose of the most commonly used calcium antagonist (amlodipine 10 mg), and adding on top a direct renin inhibitor (aliskiren 300 mg) is effective to treat resistant hypertensive patients not responding to spironolactone. The scheme was tested in a group of 76 patients who had true treatment resistant hypertension (24-hour mean blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg while receiving three or more drugs). An effective response to spironolactone was defined as 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP) drop by more than 20 mm Hg, and was obtained with 25-50 mg in 60 patients (78.