Visual field defects and retinal nerve fiber imaging in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and in healthy controls.

Background: To assess the retinal sensitivity in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients evaluated with standard automated perimetry (SAP). And to correlate the functional SAP results with structural parameters obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: This prospective, observational, case-control study consisted of 63 eyes of 63 OSAHS patients (mean age 51.

Keratitis Due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a Contact Lens User.

Objectives: Ocular infections due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans are extremely uncommon; their diagnosis is a challenge and the optimal treatment remains controversial. We present a case of A. xylosoxidans in a contact lens user and a review of the literature to facilitate diagnostic suspicion and empirical therapeutic management.

A Rabbit Model of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Use of Infected Soft Contact Lenses After Corneal Epithelium Debridement With a Diamond Burr.

Purpose: To develop a rabbit model of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) as the best method to reproduce the natural course of this disease.

Methods: To induce AK, infected contact lenses (1000 amoebae/mm2, 90% trophozoites) were placed over the previously debrided corneal surface, in combination with a temporary tarsorrhaphy. Environmental and clinical strains of Acanthamoeba spp.

Computational Simulation of Scleral Buckling Surgery for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: On the Effect of the Band Size on the Myopization.

A finite element model (FE) of the eye including cornea, sclera, crystalline lens, and ciliary body was created to analyze the influence of the silicone encircling bandwidth and the tightness degree on the myopia induced by scleral buckling (SB) procedure for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was applied to the reference geometry of the FE model and then SB surgery was simulated with encircling bandwidths of 1, 2, and 2.5 mm.

Study of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in children: normal values and influence of age, sex, and refractive status.

Purpose: To establish normal values for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macular thickness, and macular volume in children using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in healthy children between 3 and 14 years of age. Each child underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination that included 3 OCT scans with Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany).

Retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness in patients with schizophrenia: Influence of recent illness episodes.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been recently used to investigate neuropsychiatric disorders. We aimed to study retinal OCT measures of patients with schizophrenia with respect to healthy controls, and to evaluate possible differences between recent illness episode (RIE) and non-recent illness episode (NRIE) patients. Thirty schizophrenia patients were classified as RIE (n=10) or NRIE (n=20), and compared with 30 matched controls.

CHOROIDAL THICKNESS AND VOLUME IN A HEALTHY PEDIATRIC POPULATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH AGE, AXIAL LENGTH, AMETROPIA, AND SEX.

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and volume in healthy pediatric individuals using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), as well as its association with age, sex, axial length (AL), and refractive error.

Methods: Ninety-three eyes from 93 healthy pediatric individuals were examined. An Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid was applied to analyze CT and volume map in each of its nine sectors.

Branch retinal vein occlusion and vitreovascular traction: a preliminary spectral domain OCT case-control study.

Objective: Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) typically occurs at an arteriovenous (AV) crossing site. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, vitreovascular traction might have a significant role in some BRVO cases. The purpose of present study was to determine the incidence of vitreoretinal traction at the obstruction site in patients diagnosed with BRVO.

Retinal alterations in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: an optical coherence tomography study.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) measured by means of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has been used as a marker not only of ophthalmologic diseases but also of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The purpose of this work was to demonstrate that patients with amnestic MCI show an intermediate RNFL thickness between normality and AD, and a macular volume and thickness as well. In a cross-sectional study we consecutively recruited 18 patients with AD, 21 with MCI, and 41 healthy controls.

Assessment of corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure in myopic spanish healthy population.

Purpose. To examine biomechanical parameters of the cornea in myopic eyes and their relationship with the degree of myopia in a western healthy population. Methods.

Development of a prediction formula of Parkinson disease severity by optical coherence tomography.

The aims of this study were to assess the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), to determine its correlation with disease severity, and to define a simple biomarker for predicting clinical severity. One hundred two eyes from 52 patients affected by PD were compared with 97 eyes from 50 age-comparable controls. In all patients, peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Retinal and optic nerve evaluation by optical coherence tomography in adults with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Objective: To assess the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, optic nerve head (ONH) morphologic parameters, and macular thickness and volume in patients affected by obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: This prospective, observational case-control study consisted of 96 eyes of 50 OSAHS patients (mean age of 50.9 ± 12.

Two cases of accidental dislocation of the silicone sleeve of an extrusion cannula into the vitreous cavity.

Background: Fluid-air exchange during vitreoretinal surgery is often used as a tool for subretinal fluid endodrainage. Soft-tipped flexible extrusion cannulas are commonly used to aspirate the posterior subretinal fluid.

Methods: This is an observational two-case series describing two patients who underwent 20-G pars plana vitrectomy complicated by the accidental fall of the silicone sleeve of a soft-tipped extrusion cannula into the vitreous cavity.

Acute mountain sickness and retinal evaluation by optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: Acute mountain sickness (AMS), the commonest form of altitude illness, might represent early-stage high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to evaluate optic nerve head (ONH) consequences following a sojourn to extreme altitude.

Methods: This prospective study included 4 high-altitude expeditions in Himalayas.

Unilateral tacrolimus-associated optic neuropathy after liver transplantation.

Background: Tacrolimus has been associated with several ocular adverse effects, such as optic neuropathy.

Methodology/principal Findings: A 56-year-old woman noted sudden, severe, painless visual loss in her left eye. She had undergone liver transplantation for alcoholic related cirrhosis 6 months before.

Evaluation of in vitro efficacy of combined riboflavin and ultraviolet a for Acanthamoeba isolates.

Purpose: To evaluate in vitro the amoebicidal effects of riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) collagen cross-linking.

Design: Experimental study, laboratory investigation.

Methods: Two different strains of Acanthamoeba species were tested identically.

Biomechanical property analysis after corneal collagen cross-linking in relation to ultraviolet A irradiation time.

Purpose: To study the biomechanical effect of riboflavin-ultraviolet A irradiation (UVA)-induced collagen cross-linking (CXL) in porcine corneas using two different exposure times of 30 and 60 min.

Methods: Seventeen enucleated porcine eyes were divided into three groups: group A, six eyes without any treatment, group B, six eyes treated by UVA CXL for 30 min, and group C, five eyes treated by UVA CXL for 60 min. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) was used as a photosensitizer in both groups of treatment.

Keratitis after Implantation of Intrastromal Corneal Rings with Spontaneous Extrusion of the Segment.

PURPOSE: To report a case of bacterial keratitis in a patient with a history of intrastromal corneal ring segments (INTACS®) implantation to correct keratoconus. METHODS: The patient's history, clinical presentation, pathological analysis and therapeutic management were reviewed. RESULTS: A 36-year-old-man was referred to our department due to decreased vision and intense pain in his left eye, 40 days after INTACS® implantation for keratoconus.

Multifocal intraocular lenses for unilateral cataract in children.

Purpose: To evaluate the implantation of apodized diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) in children with unilateral cataract.

Setting: Ophthalmology Service, Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.

Design: Prospective clinical study.

Topical tacrolimus ointment for treatment of intractable atopic keratoconjunctivitis: a case report and review of the literature.

Purpose: To report the utility of tacrolimus 0.03% dermatologic ointment (Protopic) in a case of refractory atopic keratoconjunctivitis with giant papillae. A review of the medical literature is presented.

Acute postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Gemella morbillorum.

Purpose: We present a case of Gemella morbillorum endophthalmitis after uneventful cataract surgery.

Methods: A 78-year-old woman developed progressive blurring of vision, hypopyon, and vitritis in the precocious postoperatory following cataract surgery. Pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular lens explantation were performed followed by intravitreal injection of vancomycin and ceftazidime.

An unusual case of cocaine-induced maculopathy.

Purpose: Cocaine is one of the most common substances of abuse. When used intranasally, cocaine is cut with a variety of agents, which may increase local and systemic toxic reactions.

Methods: We examined a 34-year-old man who complained of color disturbance.