Indications and Interpretation of Stress Radiographs in Supination External Rotation Ankle Fractures.

Introduction In supination external rotation (SER) ankle fractures with an intact medial malleolus, stability hinges upon the competence of the deltoid ligament. The purpose of this study is to define the indications and establish criteria for a positive stress radiograph. Methods This is a prospective study of 27 isolated SER lateral malleolar fractures with a reduced ankle mortise.

Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology (PANLAR) recommendations and guidelines for musculoskeletal ultrasound training in the Americas for rheumatologists.

Objective: To develop guidelines for Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSKUS) training for rheumatologists in the Americas.

Methods: A total of 25 Rheumatologists from 19 countries of the American Continent participated in a consensus-based interactive process (Delphi method) using 2 consecutive electronic questionnaires. The first questionnaire included the following: the relevance of organizing courses to teach MSKUS to Rheumatologists, the determination of the most effective educational course models, the trainee levels, the educational objectives, the requirements for passing the course(s), the course venues, the number of course participants per instructor, and the percentage of time spent in hands-on sessions.