Maternal restrictive feeding practices for child weight control and associated characteristics.

Objective: To identify associations between maternal restrictive feeding practices for child weight control and sociodemographic, behavioral, dietetic, and anthropometric characteristics.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with mothers of children aged 2-8 years. Maternal feeding practices were measured by the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, in private schools in Brazil.

Factors associated with parental underestimation of child's weight status.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of parental misperception of child weight status, and identify socioeconomic, anthropometric, behavioral and dietary factors associated with underestimation.

Method: Cross-sectional study. Data was collected in 14 Brazilian private schools.

Food Insecurity and the Negative Impact on Brazilian Children's Health-Why Does Food Security Matter for Our Future Prosperity? Brazilian National Survey (PNDS 2006/07).

Background: Food insecurity (FI) refers to limited or uncertain access to food resulting from financial constraints. Numerous studies have shown association between FI and adverse health outcomes among adults and children around the world, but in Brazil, such information is scarce, especially if referring to nationally representative information.

Objective: To test for an independent association between FI and health outcomes.

Frequency of nutritional disorders and their risk factors among children attending 13 nurseries in São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study.

Context And Objective: Nutritional disorders are associated with health problems earlier in life. The objective here was to estimate the frequency of nutritional disorders and their risk factors among children.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional study in nurseries at 13 day-care centers in São Paulo, Brazil.

Factors associated with avoidable hospitalisation of children younger than 2 years old: the 2006 Brazilian National Demographic Health Survey.

Introduction: Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC) are conditions for which hospitalisation is thought to be avoidable with the use of effective preventive care and early disease management. The objective of this study was to estimate the rate of avoidable hospitalisations in children younger than 24 months of age participating in a Brazilian national representative survey and to identify the risk factors for such hospitalisations.

Methods: We analysed data from a cross-sectional study of 1901 children from the 2006 Brazilian National Demographic Health Survey of Women and Children (NDHS).

Association between socioeconomic and biological factors and infant weight gain: Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey--PNDS-2006/07.

Objective: To examine the associations between socioeconomic and biological factors and infant weight gain.

Methods: All infants (0-23 months of age) with available birth and postnatal weight data (n = 1763) were selected from the last nationally representative survey with complex probability sampling conducted in Brazil (2006/07). The outcome variable was conditional weight gain (CWG), which represents how much an individual has deviated from his/her expected weight gain, given the birth weight.

Breastfeeding exclusively and iron deficiency anemia during the first 6 months of age.

Objective: The objective was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among exclusively breastfed infants from one to six months of life and to identify associated risk factors.

Methods: This is a cohort study of the hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels of 102 healthy full-term infants, weighing more than 2500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth, evaluated for growth development and supported to promote exclusive breastfeeding.

School-based physical activity and nutritional education interventions on body mass index: a meta-analysis of randomised community trials - project PANE.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of school-based physical activity (PA) and nutritional education (NE) interventions on children's and adolescents' body mass index.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search in fourteen databases until September 2012 for randomised controlled trials on PA and NE, conducted in the school setting, and delivered to children and adolescents. Additionally, we performed a cross-reference check in related papers.

Secular trends and factors associated with overweight among Brazilian preschool children: PNSN-1989, PNDS-1996, and 2006/07.

Objective: to describe the secular trends in overweight among preschool children in the years 1989, 1996, and 2006, and to identify risk factors associated with this condition in 2006.

Methods: anthropometric data from three surveys (1989, 1996, and 2006) with a representative sample of the population were analyzed. Overweight was defined as the weight-for-height Z-score.

A model for pediatric and neuropsychological screening assessment of children with learning disabilities.

Objectives: The high frequency of learning difficulties, attention disorders or developmental delay in children in the early years of schooling has resulted in a greater demand for pediatric services. Such services generally include assessments covering various specialties, are lengthy and often inaccessible to families due to prohibitively high cost. This paper presents an economically efficient model of interdisciplinary diagnosis.

Effectiveness of school-based nutrition education interventions to prevent and reduce excessive weight gain in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of school-based nutrition education in reducing or preventing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

Sources: Systematic search in 14 databases and five systematic reviews for randomized controlled trials conducted in schools to reduce or prevent overweight in children and adolescents. Body mass index and fruit and vegetable intake were used as primary and secondary measures of outcome, respectively.

Isolated and combined risks for anemia in children attending the nurseries of daycare centers.

Objectives: To identify and quantify isolated and combined risk factors for anemia, providing a comprehensive view of the likelihood of its occurrence.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 482 children aged 4 to 29 months attending the nurseries of philanthropic and public daycare centers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, who participated in two surveys (2004 and 2007). Mothers were interviewed, blood was collected using digital puncture, and anthropometry was performed.

Incidence of diarrhea in children living in urban slums in Salvador, Brazil.

Diarrhea remains a major health issue in developing countries, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Determining the incidence of acute diarrhea in children and its associated factors is crucial to the planning of preventive approaches. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of diarrhea and to assess some relevant associated factors to it in children younger than 40 months living in two slums of Salvador, Brazil.

Multivariate hierarchical model for physical inactivity among public school children.

Objective: To identify biological and sociodemographic factors associated with physical inactivity in public school children.

Methods: Parents of 2,519 children (49.3% of whom were girls), aged 7 to 10 years (mean = 7.

Anemia in low-income exclusively breastfed infants.

Objective: To verify the behavior of hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence in full term infants, aged 3 to 6 months and on exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 242 infants aged 3 to 6 months with birth weights of more than 2,500 g, on exclusive breastfeeding and monitored by the Program for the Promotion of Infant Growth and Development, part of the Paraisópolis Einstein Community Program. Hemoglobin was assayed by finger prick between the third and sixth months of life.

[Clinical-epidemiological study of toxocariasis in a pediatric population].

Objective: The variety of toxocariasis clinic manifestations and its relationship with asthma motivated this study. The aim was to study T.canis seropositivity at a public pediatric service and its association with laboratory, epidemiological and clinical factors.

Risk factors of obesity among Brazilian adolescents: a case-control study.

Objective: To study risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents enrolled in private high schools in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil.

Method: This was a case-control study. The subjects were 264 overweight (body mass index (BMI) > or =85th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference population) and 264 non-overweight (BMI >5th and <85th NCHS percentiles) adolescents identified by means of an anthropometric survey which included 1608 students.

Obesity among children attending elementary public schools in São Paulo, Brazil: a case--control study.

Objectives: To describe obesity among students of public schools in São Paulo and to identify risk factors for this nutritional and physical activity disorder.

Design: Case-control study of obese and non-obese schoolchildren to study risk factors for obesity.

Setting: Anthropometric survey including 2519 children attending eight elementary public schools in São Paulo, Brazil.