Redesigning Today's Driving Automation Toward Adaptive Backup Control With Context-Based and Invisible Interfaces.

Objective: We investigated a driver monitoring system (DMS) designed to adaptively back up distracted drivers with automated driving.

Background: Humans are likely inadequate for supervising today's on-road driving automation. Conversely, backup concepts can use eye-tracker DMS to retain the human as the primary driver and use computerized control only if needed.