Assessment of misdiagnosis in small animal intensive care patients using the Modified Goldman criteria.

The postmortem examination can be used as a means of quality control for clinical diagnoses. A retrospective study on 300 dogs and cats that had been admitted to a small animal intensive care unit was performed comparing the clinical and postmortem findings, using the Modified Goldman criteria. All patient files were reevaluated for clinical diagnoses and all postmortem material was reevaluated for pathological diagnoses.

Evidence of a sudden increase in α-chloralose poisoning in dogs and cats in the Netherlands between 2018 and 2021.

Background: After changes in European Union biocide legislation, the Dutch Poisons Information Center observed a strong increase in information requests concerning dogs and cats exposed to α-chloralose. To investigate whether α-chloralose-based rodenticides are safe for non-professional use, additional information regarding poisoning scenarios and clinical course was collected.

Methods: Veterinarians reporting α-chloralose exposure over a 2.

The Effect of the Preoperative Fasting Regimen on the Incidence of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in 90 Dogs.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of three different preoperative fasting regimens on the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in dogs under general anaesthesia. Ninety dogs undergoing non-abdominal and non-thoracic elective surgery were included in the study and equally allocated to three groups. Dogs received canned food providing half the daily resting energy requirements (RER) 3 h prior to premedication (group 3H), a quarter of the daily RER 3 h before premedication (group 3Q), and half the daily RER 12 h before premedication (group 12H).

A novel insertion technique for urinary catheters in female dogs with the use of a guidewire.

Background: Complicated transurethral urinary bladder catheterization in female dogs is a commonly encountered urologic problem, often causing inadvertent trauma to the lower urinary tract and breach in aseptic technique.

Key Concepts: A novel method for transurethral insertion of urinary catheters in female dogs is described. The main variation from current procedures involves the application of the Seldinger technique with the use of an introduction catheter that is specifically designed to feed into the urethra, and the use of a guidewire to replace the introducer with an indwelling balloon catheter.

Innovative application of an implantable venous access system in the portal vein: technique, results and complications in three dogs.

Background: Vascular access port (VAP) systems are widely used in human medicine to provide long-term venous access. However, in veterinary medicine the use of VAP systems is not common practice and publications on their potential applications have been limited. A VAP system was used as part of an experimental study on liver regeneration and implanted in the canine portal vein to create direct access to the portal venous circulation of the liver.

Immunohistochemical characterisation of the hepatic stem cell niche in feline hepatic lipidosis: a preliminary morphological study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the cellular and stromal components of the hepatic progenitor cell niche in feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL).

Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for the progenitor/bile duct marker (K19), activated Kupffer cells (MAC387), myofibroblasts (alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]) and the extracellular matrix component laminin were used on seven liver biopsies of cats with FHL and three healthy cats. Double immunofluorescence stainings were performed to investigate co-localisation of different cell types in the hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) niche.

Negative pressure therapy versus passive open abdominal drainage for the treatment of septic peritonitis in dogs: A randomized, prospective study.

Objective: To compare passive open abdominal drainage (POAD) and negative-pressure abdominal drainage (NPAD) using the ABThera™ system in the treatment of septic peritonitis.

Study Design: Randomized prospective clinical trial.

Animals: Dogs (n = 16) with septic peritonitis.

Sex specific differences in hepatic and plasma lipid profiles in healthy cats pre and post spaying and neutering: relationship with feline hepatic lipidosis.

Background: A link between lipid metabolism and disease has been recognized in cats. Since hepatic lipidosis is a frequent disorder in cats, the aim of the current study was to evaluate liver and plasma lipid dimorphism in healthy cats and the effects of gonadectomy on lipid profiling. From six female and six male cats plasma and liver lipid profiles before and after spaying/neutering were assessed and compared to five cats (three neutered male and two spayed female) diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis.

SUCNR1-mediated chemotaxis of macrophages aggravates obesity-induced inflammation and diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Obesity induces macrophages to drive inflammation in adipose tissue, a crucial step towards the development of type 2 diabetes. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate succinate is released from cells under metabolic stress and has recently emerged as a metabolic signal induced by proinflammatory stimuli. We therefore investigated whether succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) could play a role in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and type 2 diabetes.

Lipid Therapy for Intoxications.

This review discusses the use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) in the treatment of intoxications with lipophilic agents in veterinary medicine. Despite growing scientific evidence that ILE has merit in the treatment of certain poisonings, there is still uncertainty on the optimal composition of the lipid emulsion, the dosing, the mechanism of action, and the efficacy. Therefore, a critical view of the clinician on the applicability of this modality in intoxications is still warranted.

Evaluation of a virtual pet visit system with live video streaming of patient images over the Internet in a companion animal intensive care unit in the Netherlands.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a virtual pet visit system ("TelePet" System, TPS) on owners and staff of a companion animal ICU.

Design: Longitudinal interventional study (2010-2013).

Setting: Companion animal ICU at a university veterinary medical teaching hospital.

Utstein-style guidelines on uniform reporting of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs and cats. A RECOVER statement.

Objective: To provide recommendations for reviewing and reporting clinical in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) events in dogs and cats and to establish nonambiguous operational definitions for CPR terminology.

Design: Consensus guidelines.

Setting: International, academia, referral practice, general practice, and human medicine.

Intellectual disability and bleeding diathesis due to deficient CMP--sialic acid transport.

Objective: To identify the underlying genetic defect in a patient with intellectual disability, seizures, ataxia, macrothrombocytopenia, renal and cardiac involvement, and abnormal protein glycosylation.

Methods: Genetic studies involved homozygosity mapping by 250K single nucleotide polymorphism array and SLC35A1 sequencing. Functional studies included biochemical assays for N-glycosylation and mucin-type O-glycosylation and SLC35A1-encoded cytidine 5'-monophosphosialic acid (CMP-sialic acid) transport after heterologous expression in yeast.

Evaluation of a veterinary triage list modified from a human five-point triage system in 485 dogs and cats.

Objectives: To devise a veterinary triage list (VTL) and to determine whether the application of this VTL results in more accurate categorization of emergency patients compared with intuitive triage.

Design: Prospective and retrospective observational study.

Setting: Private veterinary emergency clinic.

The succinate receptor as a novel therapeutic target for oxidative and metabolic stress-related conditions.

The succinate receptor (also known as GPR91) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is closely related to the family of P2Y purinoreceptors. It is expressed in a variety of tissues, including blood cells, adipose tissue, the liver, retina, and kidney. In these tissues, this receptor and its ligand succinate have recently emerged as novel mediators in local stress situations, including ischemia, hypoxia, toxicity, and hyperglycemia.

Mechanism and function of Drosophila capa GPCR: a desiccation stress-responsive receptor with functional homology to human neuromedinU receptor.

The capa peptide receptor, capaR (CG14575), is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) for the D. melanogaster capa neuropeptides, Drm-capa-1 and -2 (capa-1 and -2). To date, the capa peptide family constitutes the only known nitridergic peptides in insects, so the mechanisms and physiological function of ligand-receptor signalling of this peptide family are of interest.

Succinate receptors in the kidney.

The G protein-coupled succinate and α-ketoglutarate receptors are closely related to the family of P2Y purinoreceptors. Although the α-ketoglutarate receptor is almost exclusively expressed in the kidney, its function is unknown. In contrast, the succinate receptor, SUCRN1, is expressed in a variety of tissues, including blood cells, adipose tissue, liver, retina, and the kidney.

Novel mutation in the AVPR2 gene in a Danish male with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by ER retention and subsequent lysosomal degradation of the mutant receptor.

Mutations in the arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2) gene can cause X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) characterized by the production of large amounts of urine and an inability to concentrate urine in response to the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. We have identified a novel mutation in the AVPR2 gene (L170P) located in the fourth transmembrane domain in a Danish NDI male. Analysis of the mutant receptor in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell culture revealed that AVPR2-L170P was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the expression was dramatically downregulated compared to wild-type AVPR2.

Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 by canine insulinomas and their metastases.

The long-term prognosis after surgical resection of canine insulinoma is poor. Signs of hypoglycaemia often recur soon after surgery because tumour tissue has only been resected partially and/or functional (micro-)metastases were present. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression of 16 target genes was compared between primary canine insulinomas and their corresponding metastases.

Counteracting vasopressin-mediated water reabsorption by ATP, dopamine, and phorbol esters: mechanisms of action.

Water homeostasis is regulated by a wide variety of hormones. When in need for water conservation, vasopressin, released from the brain, binds renal principal cells and initiates a signaling cascade resulting in the insertion of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels in the apical membrane and water reabsorption. Conversely, hormones, including extracellular purines and dopamine, antagonize AVP-induced water permeability, but their mechanism of action is largely unknown, which was investigated here.

Regulation of AQP2 localization by S256 and S261 phosphorylation and ubiquitination.

Vasopressin-induced water reabsorption coincides with phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) at S256 (pS256), dephosphorylation at S261, and its translocation to the apical membrane, whereas treatment with the phorbol ester 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces AQP2 ubiquitination at K270, its internalization, and lysosomal degradation. In this study we investigated the relationship between S256 and S261 phosphorylation in AQP2 and its ubiquitination and trafficking in MDCK cells. Forskolin stimulation associated with increased pS256 and decreased pS261 AQP2, indicating that MDCK cells are a good model.

Autosomal recessive mental retardation, deafness, ankylosis, and mild hypophosphatemia associated with a novel ANKH mutation in a consanguineous family.

Context: Mutations in ANKH cause the highly divergent conditions familial chondrocalcinosis and craniometaphyseal dysplasia. The gene product ANK is supposed to regulate tissue mineralization by transporting pyrophosphate to the extracellular space.

Objective: We evaluated several family members of a large consanguineous family with mental retardation, deafness, and ankylosis.