Change in vaginal length and sexual function in women who undergo surgery ± radiation therapy for endometrial cancer.

Purpose: Endometrial Cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Standard treatment is TAH/BSO with radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy given based on risk. Treatment can cause significant vaginal changes, including shortening, narrowing, loss of elasticity, atrophy, and dryness.

Increasing age predicts poor cervical cancer prognosis with subsequent effect on treatment and overall survival.

Purpose: Stage and histology are well-established prognostic factors for cervical cancer, but the importance of age has been controversial and a clear role for this factor has not yet been defined. Thus, we aim with this study to evaluate the significance of age as an independent prognostic factor in women with cervical cancer and evaluate the therapeutic consequences and survival outcomes as they relate to this factor.

Methods And Materials: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to retrospectively analyze patients diagnosed with cervical cancer from 1973 to 2013 in the United States.

Treatment-Related Radiation Toxicity Among Cervical Cancer Patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify incidence of and factors associated with severe late toxicity in women treated with radiation for cervical cancer.

Materials And Methods: All patients with cervical cancer treated with radiation as primary or adjuvant therapy from 2005 to 2017 in a single academic institution were included. Records were reviewed for demographic information, Charlson Comorbidity Index, treatment details, toxicities, and outcomes.

Low-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma Primarily Arising in the Vagina: A Case Report.

Background: Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a rareform of endometrial cancer, comprising < 0.2% of all uterine malignancies and 10% of all uterine sarcomas. To date, the English-language literature contains 6 reports of extrauterine ESS arising primarily in the vagina.

Celecoxib enhances [sorafenib + sildenafil] lethality in cancer cells and reverts platinum chemotherapy resistance.

The present studies sought to determine whether the lethality of the drug combination [sorafenib + sildenafil] could be enhanced by the anti-inflammatory agent celecoxib, using ovarian cancer and other tumor cell lines as models. Also, in a dose dependent fashion celecoxib enhanced [sorafenib + sildenafil] lethality in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines. In a dose dependent fashion celecoxib enhanced the ability of [sorafenib + sildenafil] to reduce expression of multiple chaperone proteins in parallel with lower levels of the drug efflux pumps ABCB1 and ABCG2.

OSU-03012 and Viagra Treatment Inhibits the Activity of Multiple Chaperone Proteins and Disrupts the Blood-Brain Barrier: Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies.

We examined the interaction between OSU-03012 (also called AR-12) with phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors to determine the role of the chaperone glucose-regulated protein (GRP78)/BiP/HSPA5 in the cellular response. Sildenafil (Viagra) interacted in a greater than additive fashion with OSU-03012 to kill stem-like GBM cells. Treatment of cells with OSU-03012/sildenafil: abolished the expression of multiple oncogenic growth factor receptors and plasma membrane drug efflux pumps and caused a rapid degradation of GRP78 and other HSP70 and HSP90 family chaperone proteins.

A phase I-II evaluation of veliparib (NSC #737664), topotecan, and filgrastim or pegfilgrastim in the treatment of persistent or recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix: an NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition by veliparib during cytotoxic topotecan administration with filgrastim or pegfilgrastim neutrophil support in women with persistent or recurrent uterine cervix cancer.

Experimental Design: This phase I-II trial examined twice-daily oral veliparib (10 mg) given during once-daily intravenous topotecan (0.6 mg/m²) on days 1 to 5 of each treatment cycle.

Necrotizing fasciitis after placement of intraperitoneal catheter.

•Necrotizing fasciitis has not previously been reported in association with placement of intraperitoneal port at time of cytoreductive surgery.•Consensus is lacking regarding the placement of intraperitoneal ports at the time of bowel surgery.•Delayed placement of intraperitoneal ports may be considered in patients undergoing bowel resection.

Quantitative multiparametric MRI of ovarian cancer.

Purpose: To identify parameters associated with ovarian malignancy using multiparametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, women with ovarian masses underwent preoperative imaging with 3 T MRI. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI with pharmacokinetic modeling, quantitative T2 mapping, and diffusion-weighted imaging with quantitative mapping of the water diffusion parameters were performed.

Water-fat MRI for assessing changes in bone marrow composition due to radiation and chemotherapy in gynecologic cancer patients.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of using fat-fraction imaging for measuring marrow composition changes over large regions in patients undergoing cancer therapy.

Materials And Methods: Thirteen women with gynecologic malignancies who were to receive radiation and/or chemotherapy were recruited for this study. Subjects were imaged on a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner at baseline (after surgery but before radiation or chemotherapy), 6 months, and 12 months after treatment.

Vulvar and vaginal cancer.

Vulvar cancer is becoming more common as the population ages and is primarily a disease of the elderly. Most vulvar cancers are diagnosed at a localized stage and can be cured with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. More conservative therapy has been the mainstay in vulvar cancer treatment, which has lessened short-term and long-term morbidity without sacrificing efficacy.

Ovarian Cancer Tests and Treatment.

Lack of symptoms in early-stageovarian cancer leads to a high mortality rate overall. Tests and therapy are discussed here, along with the symptom index.

Cervical Cancer Tests and Treatment.

Advances in screening and treatment of cervical cancer have been made in recent years. Here we discuss tests, stages of disease, and strategies for treatment.

Idiopathic Adrenal Hemorrhage in a Patient with Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic unilateral adrenal hemorrhage is rare. Described is the first case reported in the setting of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. CASE: A primigravida presented with abdominal pain, fever, and a right upper quadrant mass during the workup for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

A prospective clinical trial of lenalidomide with topotecan in women with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Background: Lenalidomide is an anti-angiogenic IMiD(®) immunomodulatory drug. The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), overall safety profile, and activity of oral lenalidomide in combination with topotecan in women with advanced epithelial ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma.

Methods: In this Phase I/II open-label, dose-escalation study, patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma with disease progression or recurrence following first-line therapy with a platinum agent and paclitaxel were eligible.

Effect of patient age on outcomes and compliance in women with minimally abnormal pap tests.

Objective: To assess follow-up and histologic outcomes by age for an indigent urban cohort of women with minimally abnormal cytology.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of Pap tests was performed (January 2, 2002, to June 30, 2005). Adolescents (age < 21) and women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)/high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) Pap results were studied and followed for outcomes at 2 years.

Antiestrogen therapy in recurrent ovarian cancer resulting in 28 months of stable disease: a case report and review of the literature.

Hormonal therapy for adjuvant treatment of ovarian cancer may provide a low toxicity option in some patients with refractory disease. A 53 year-old patient with stage IIIC papillary serous ovarian cancer previously treated with multiple chemotherapy regimens with platinum-resistant disease was treated with antiestrogen therapy for 28 months before requiring reinstitution of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Hormonal therapy may be effective in a subset of epithelial ovarian cancer patients with endocrine sensitivity and should be considered in the treatment of platinum-resistant patients.

A case of bowel perforation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: Bowel perforation is a rare complication of chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer, and may result from tumor necrosis within involved bowel or as a function of the mechanism of the chemotherapeutic agent itself.

Case: We present a case of a 71-year-old woman who experienced a spontaneous bowel perforation after a single cycle of carboplatin and paclitaxel during neoadjuvant treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of a gastrointestinal perforation with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.