Preconception Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity and fecundability, live birth, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: To study the impact of preconception Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity on fecundability, live birth, and pregnancy loss and to assess the effect of low-dose aspirin therapy (81 mg/day) on live birth and pregnancy loss.

Design: Preconception cohort study conducted using data and specimens from the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) study - a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Subjects: 1228 individuals with proven fecundity and a history of 1-2 pregnancy losses.

test of the novel antibiotic lefamulin alone and in combination with doxycycline against .

, a sexually transmitted bacterium, is a significant cause of urethritis in men and various reproductive tract infections in women, including cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and potentially infertility. Treatment has become increasingly challenging due to the emergence of resistance to both first-line (azithromycin) and second-line (moxifloxacin) antibiotics. The need for new treatment options is critical.

Lefamulin for treatment failure in Australia and the USA: a case series and pilot open-label parallel arm randomised trial.

Objectives: (MG) causes urethritis and is associated with cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and preterm delivery. Antimicrobial resistance is widespread and cure rates are declining. Lefamulin, a novel pleuromutilin, may be effective in cases of treatment failure.

sp. nov., isolated from Scandinavian patients with seal finger or septic arthritis after contact with seals.

Seal finger (sealer's finger, spekk finger), an extremely painful hand infection contracted by individuals handling seals, has previously been associated with . From 2000 to 2014, six independent strains of a novel species were isolated at Statens Serum Institut, Denmark, from Scandinavian patients with seal finger (M5725, M6447, M6620, M6642 and M6879) or septic arthritis (M6921). Prior to the onset of infection, all patients had reported contact with unspeciated seals.

Changes in prevalence of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance: notes from a 13-year retrospective survey in Dalarna County, Sweden.

Objective: Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in (MG) is of emerging global concern. Compared with neighbouring countries such as Denmark, Sweden has had lower rates of macrolide resistance while fluoroquinolone resistance rates are less well documented. This study retrospectively examined macrolide, fluoroquinolone and multidrug resistance rates from Dalarna County, Sweden over a 13-year period.

Value of a catch-up HPV test in women aged 65 and above: A Danish population-based nonrandomized intervention study.

Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) test is replacing cytology as the primary cervical cancer screening test due to superior sensitivity, but in most countries women ≥65 years have never had an HPV test despite they account for around 50% of cervical cancer deaths. We explored the effect of a catch-up HPV test among 65- to 69-year-old women without previous record of HPV-based screening.

Methods And Findings: This population-based nonrandomized intervention study (quasi-experimental design) included Danish women aged 65 to 69 with no record of cervical cancer screening in the last ≥5.

The role of Chlamydiales in adverse pregnancy outcome: a community-based nested case-control study.

Objectives: Over the last decades, the Chlamydiales order has expanded and a new group of Chlamydia-related bacteria has emerged, covering species such as Waddlia chondrophila associated with bovine abortion. However, it is unknown whether they compromise human reproduction such as Chlamydia trachomatis. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between vaginal colonization of selected species of the Chlamydiales order with spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, and animal exposure.

Challenges of in vitro propagation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycoplasma genitalium.

The sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium has proved a complex organism to work with in the laboratory setting. Exhibiting an extremely fastidious nature, successful in vitro propagation of M. genitalium has remained elusive for many researchers.

High Prevalence of in Positive Rectal Samples From Men: A Brief Report.

has gained increased attention in relation to sexually transmitted infections, however, its pathogenic potential and prevalence in different populations remains to be elucidated. Among 293 positive rectal samples submitted for lymphogranuloma venereum typing, was detected by PCR in 13.4% of 231 male samples.

Clinical Importance of Superior Sensitivity of the Aptima TMA-Based Assays for Mycoplasma genitalium Detection.

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a common cause of nongonococcal cervicitis and urethritis. We investigated the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients tested in Denmark with the Conformité Européenne (CE)/ diagnostics (IVD) Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium assay (CE/IVD AMG; Hologic) and examined the clinical significance of the higher sensitivity of the TMA-based MG assays. From March to June 2016, urogenital and extragenital specimens from consecutive attendees at a sexually transmitted infection clinic in Copenhagen, Denmark were tested with the CE/IVD AMG assay (TMA-based), the research-use-only MG Alt TMA-1 assay (Hologic), a laboratory-developed TaqMan B quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and the Aptima Combo 2 (CT/NG; Hologic).

Analysis of fluoroquinolone-resistance using MIC determination and homology modelling of ParC of contemporary Mycoplasma genitalium strains.

Introduction: The mechanisms of fluoroquinolone-resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium were analysed by a new method.

Methods: M. genitalium strains from urinary sediments of patients with urethritis were isolated and examined antimicrobial susceptibilities and the mutations in ParC, GyrA and 23S rRNA.

Syphilis in Greenland, 2015 to 2019.

Background: An increase in the incidence of syphilis was reported in Greenland from 2011 to 2014, and notification rates kept rising in the following years in spite of focused efforts. To better understand the syphilis epidemic, this study was conducted to describe the syphilis epidemic in Greenland from 2015 to 2019.

Methods: Syphilis cases and their characteristics were identified through reviews of electronic medical records and laboratory results in 3 different data sets: notifications to the National Board of Health, electronic prescriptions for benzathine penicillin, and the national laboratory database.

The Association between Vaginal Dysbiosis and Reproductive Outcomes in Sub-Fertile Women Undergoing IVF-Treatment: A Systematic PRISMA Review and Meta-Analysis.

Recent advances in molecular microbiology have enabled refined studies of the genital tract microbiota. This constitutes the basis of the present updated systematic review and meta-analysis which investigate vaginal dysbiosis (VD) as defined by either microscopy (e.g.

Staphylococcal Communities on Skin Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis and Disease Severity.

The skin microbiota of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients is characterized by increased colonization, which exacerbates disease symptoms and has been linked to reduced bacterial diversity. Skin bacterial communities in AD patients have mostly been described at family and genus levels, while species-level characterization has been limited. In this study, we investigated the role of the bacteria belonging to the genus using targeted sequencing of the gene with genus-specific primers.

Vaginal, Cervical and Uterine pH in Women with Normal and Abnormal Vaginal Microbiota.

Introduction: Healthy women of reproductive age have a vaginal pH around 4.5, whereas little is known about pH in the upper genital tract. A shift in the vaginal microbiota may result in an elevated pH in the upper genital tract.

Urine collection in cervical cancer screening - analytical comparison of two HPV DNA assays.

Background: To reach non-participants, reluctant to undergo clinician-based cervical cancer screening and vaginal self-sampling, urine collection for high-risk human papillomavirus detection (hrHPV) may be valuable. Using two hrHPV DNA assays, we evaluated the concordance of hrHPV positivity in urine samples in comparison with vaginal self-samples and cervical cytology samples taken by the general practitioner (GP). We also studied women's acceptance of urine collection and preferences towards the different sampling procedures.

The Epidome - a species-specific approach to assess the population structure and heterogeneity of Staphylococcus epidermidis colonization and infection.

Background: Although generally known as a human commensal, Staphylococcus epidermidis is also an opportunistic pathogen that can cause nosocomial infections related to foreign body materials and immunocompromized patients. Infections are often caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) lineages that are difficult and costly to treat, and can have a major adverse impact on patients' quality of life. Heterogeneity is a common phenomenon in both carriage and infection, but present methodology for detection of this is laborious or expensive.

Expanding the upper age limit for cervical cancer screening: a protocol for a nationwide non-randomised intervention study.

Introduction: Cervical cancer screening ceases between the ages of 60 and 65 in most countries. Yet, a relatively high proportion of cervical cancers are diagnosed in women above the screening age. This study will evaluate if screening of women aged 65-69 years may result in increased detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) compared with women not invited to screening.

Effect of clindamycin and a live biotherapeutic on the reproductive outcomes of IVF patients with abnormal vaginal microbiota: protocol for a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial.

Introduction: Recent studies in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) patients have associated abnormal vaginal microbiota (AVM) with poor clinical pregnancy rates of 6%-9% per embryo transfer. The biological plausibility for this finding is hypothesised to be ascending infection to the endometrium which in turn hampers embryo implantation. New molecular based diagnosis may offer advantages compared to microscopical diagnosis of AVM which has huge inter-study variability ranging from 4 to 38%; however, the important question is whether screening and treatment of AVM would improve reproductive outcomes in IVF patients.

Characterization of the Vaginal DNA Virome in Health and Dysbiosis.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a reduction in spp. abundance and increased abundance of facultative anaerobes, such as spp. BV aetiology is not fully understood; however, bacteriophages could play a pivotal role in the perturbation of the vaginal bacterial community.