Publications by authors named "Jorgen Serup"

Background: The new EU regulation on tattoo inks in force January 2022 in a hitherto unregulated market marks a historical change.

Objective: Mapping of the thousands of tattoo inks de facto used in studios before the new EU regulation and establish a historical reference to tattoo customer exposure, ink toxicology assessment, clinical complications, and the impact on tattooing businesses.

Method: A tattooist-operated electronic system (InkBase) for ink registration required by law is used in Denmark since 2018.

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Introduction: Grenz ray therapy popular in dermatology decades ago causes multiple and recalcitrant skin cancer in the treated field many years later. The treatment of choice is surgical excision, but limitations especially disfiguring scarring are a major challenge. We introduce 20 MHz high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as a new therapy overcoming the limitations of excisional surgery.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Tattooing has been part of human culture for thousands of years but has only recently become mainstream, sparking research into its health risks.
  • - The article discusses findings from a collaborative work published in The Lancet, focusing on adverse effects, treatment of complications, and regulations for public health improvements.
  • - The review emerges from the Second International Conference on Tattoo Safety, highlighting ongoing knowledge gaps and new insights into tattoo safety, regulatory strategies, and ink analysis.
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Background: In Europe, Australia, and the USA, the estimated overall prevalence of tattooing is around 10-20%. Tattoo ink often comprises harmful chemicals and epidemiological studies on adverse effects of tattoos are lacking.

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of tattoo-associated skin reactions in the general Danish population and describe individuals with tattoo-associated skin reactions by socio-demographic factors and tattoo characteristics.

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Adverse reactions in tattooed skin during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are rare but well known. Previous reports describe sudden burning pain in tattooed skin, sometimes accompanied by mild erythema and oedema when entering MRI scanners. The pathophysiology remains unclear, but simple direct thermal heating can be excluded.

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Background: Persons with cosmetic tattoos occasionally experience severe pain and burning sensation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Objective: To explore the culprit magnetic substances in commonly used permanent makeup inks.

Material And Methods: 20 inks used for cosmetic tattooing of eyebrows, eyeliners, and lips were selected.

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Microblading is a rapidly expanding technique in cosmetic and medical tattooing, used for eyebrow correction and conditions of hair loss. Tattooing is performed by hand using a special blade; tiny cuts in the outer skin are filled with dark pigment to simulate a natural hair. Indications, the technique, and the microblading procedure step-by-step are considered in what follows.

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Tattooists and their customers are under special risk of airborne infection because of the short distance during the procedure and the unavoidable exchange of expired and inhaled air potentially containing droplets holding pathogenic germs. Moreover, the manual procedure involves a significant risk of contamination through physical contact. A range of personal protective equipment (PPE) is available, including three-layered disposable surgical masks, cotton masks, respirators without or with expiration valve, visors and shields, goggles, medical gloves and aprons.

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Furrows, lines and wrinkles with distensibility and retractility are a biological need of skin in the service of skin integrity, plasticity and joint motion. The fundamental segmentation and linearity of skin is genetically coded, manifested early in embryonal life and remarkably constant throughout life. The basic pattern established early in embryonal life when facial segments expand and fuse is confounded by overlapping linearities of different backgrounds.

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Cosmetic and medical tattooing is miniaturized tattooing of high precision and thus requires many dedicated utensils including advanced devices for marking and anatomical delineation. Symmetry is a special demand, as is aesthetic outcome, building on perfectionated detail. The artist shall master design and strategy along with advanced technical performance helped by having and using the right tools.

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Perception of skin color in the natural state, or with tattoo pigment installed in the dermis is highly complex and includes both optical requisites and eye and brain functions connected to advanced cognitive and psychological functions. Permanent makeup (PMU) is miniaturized tattooing on critical anatomical location aiming at fulfilment of a person's esthetic ideal. It is a special challenge since a satisfactory outcome depends on perfectionated technique and very critical selection of pigments.

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Cosmetic tattooing and medical tattooing of the face share basic principles and to some degree types and spectrum of technical and clinical complications known from decorative tattooing of other parts of the body. Cosmetic tattoos recently have grown exponentially in popularity in industrialized countries all over the world. The different complications and their clinical symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are analyzed versus culprit pigments and updated.

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Cosmetic tattooing of eyebrow and lips has become very popular and is expected to be paralleled by more frequent complications. We present 4 cases of granulomas in cosmetic tattoos complicated by regional or systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis including affection of the lungs in 2 cases, the activity triggered by the tattoo. Three cases of traditional decorative tattoos on extremities serve as reference.

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Cosmetic tattooing dedicated to beautifying the normal anatomy such as the eyebrows, the eyelines, or the lips is in a remarkable growth all over the world. Medical tattooing with reconstruction of the areola and the nipple after breast surgery, correction of the lost color of vitiligo and scars is a spin-off, which has made tattooing cross the barrier and become accepted and used in clinics and hospitals in service of the quality of life of patients. The last years have seen a major development of machinery, inks, techniques, experiences, and services.

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Lip tattooing for cosmetic or medical purposes is a difficult operation with indications and contraindications. Lips have a refined microanatomy and many functions ranging from aesthetics and mimics supporting facial expressions to entirely biological functions such as supporting oral functions and servicing sound expression as part of linguistic performance. The anatomy of the lip is explained and illustrated.

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Alternatives or complements to laser tattoo removal are needed. Laser removal requires 8-12 sessions and can easily take longer than a year. Some colors cannot be removed, and scars may appear.

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The Q-switched neodymium-yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser remains the gold standard method for tattoo removal including cosmetic tattoos. Modern picosecond lasers are referenced to the Nd:YAG laser and essentially do the same job. Persons with cosmetic tattoos in the face are especially eager to achieve perfect removal or correction and from start are critical to suboptimal results.

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Cosmetic tattoos may cause burning sensation during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and interrupt the procedure, and thereby any diagnostic workup. Tattoos also may cause disturbing artefacts in MRI images. The sensation, which can be painful, is due to magnetic elements in the tattoo ink deposited in the tattooed skin.

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Background: Positive influence of the sun on psoriasis is a common assumption in dermatology. Other season-related factors such as mental health may interfere. However, the role of seasonal effects on psoriasis needs to be clarified.

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Therapies of common warts are cumbersome and not very effective. Recurrences are common. A new 20 MHz high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) method is introduced as a new potential treatment modality.

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We describe a married couple who both presented with hypertension and hypokalaemia. Both patients were diagnosed with pseudohyperaldosteronism triggered by the widely used antifungal drug itraconazole. This effect appears to be dose-dependent, where a daily intake of 100 mg itraconazole is enough to induce pseudohyperaldosteronism.

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