Contemporary N and SF multiple breath washout in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis.

Introduction: Multiple breath washout (MBW) is used for early detection of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, with SF MBW commonly viewed as the reference method. The use of N MBW in infants and toddlers has been questioned for technical and physiological reasons, but a new correction of the N signal has minimized the technical part. The present study aimed to assess the remaining differences and the contributing mechanisms for the differences between SF and N MBW,corrected-such as tidal volume reduction during N washout with pure O .

Socioeconomic inequality in cancer survival - changes over time. A population-based study, Denmark, 1987-2013.

Socioeconomic inequality in survival after cancer have been reported in several countries and also in Denmark. Changes in cancer diagnostics and treatment may have changed the gap in survival between affluent and deprived patients and we investigated if the differences in relative survival by income has changed in Danish cancer patients over the past 25 years. The 1- and 5-year relative survival by income quintile is computed by comparing survival among cancer patients diagnosed 1987-2009 to the survival of a cancer-free matched sample of the background population.

Radiation Therapy for Treatment of Adolescent and Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer.

Purpose: To estimate the risk for hospitalizations among survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed in adolescence or young adulthood according to exposure to treatment with radiation therapy.

Methods: Through the files of the Danish Cancer Registry, we identified 1684 five-year survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma, diagnosed at age 15-39 years during the period 1943-2004, and for whom information on radiation therapy was available in the Cancer Registry. Population-based comparisons were identified through the Danish Civil Registration System and matched to the survivors on year of birth and sex.

Neurologic disorders in 4858 survivors of central nervous system tumors in childhood-an Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study.

Background: A comprehensive overview of neurologic complications among survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in childhood is lacking. We aimed to investigate the risk for these disorders in a large, population-based study with outcome measures from nationwide hospital registries.

Methods: We identified 4858 five-year survivors with diagnoses of CNS tumor in childhood in Denmark, Iceland, Finland, and Sweden in 1943-2007, and 166658 matched population comparison subjects.

Liver diseases in Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS): A population-based cohort study of 32,839 one-year survivors.

Information on late onset liver complications after childhood cancer is scarce. To ensure an appropriate follow-up of childhood cancer survivors and reducing late liver complications, the need for comprehensive and accurate information is presented. We evaluate the risk of liver diseases in a large childhood cancer survivor cohort.

Long-term inpatient disease burden in the Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study: A cohort study of 21,297 childhood cancer survivors.

Background: Survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for a wide range of late effects. However, no large population-based studies have included the whole range of somatic diagnoses including subgroup diagnoses and all main types of childhood cancers. Therefore, we aimed to provide the most detailed overview of the long-term risk of hospitalisation in survivors of childhood cancer.

Long-term hospitalisation rates among 5-year survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescence or young adulthood: A nationwide cohort study.

In the present study, we report on the full range of physical diseases acquired by survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed in adolescence or young adulthood. In a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study, 1,768 five-year survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed at ages 15-39 years during 1943-2004 and 228,447 comparison subjects matched to survivors on age and year of birth were included. Hospital discharge diagnoses and bed-days during 1977-2010 were obtained from the Danish Patient Register for 145 specific disease categories gathered in 14 main diagnostic groups.

Low risk of solid tumors in persons with Down syndrome.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate cancer incidence in a large cohort of persons with Down syndrome.

Methods: Down syndrome was identified from the Danish Cytogenetic Register. Cancer occurrence was identified by linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry.

Long-term risk of renal and urinary tract diseases in childhood cancer survivors: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Childhood cancer has been associated with long-term risk of urinary tract diseases, but risk patterns remain to be comprehensively investigated. We analysed the lifetime risk of urinary tract diseases in survivors of childhood cancer in the Nordic countries.

Methods: We identified 32,519 one-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed since the 1940s and 1950s in the five Nordic cancer registries and selected 211,156 population comparisons of a corresponding age, sex, and country of residence from the national population registries.

Gastrointestinal and liver disease in Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia: A population-based cohort study.

Survival after childhood cancer diagnosis has remarkably improved, but emerging evidence suggests that cancer-directed therapy may have adverse gastrointestinal late effects. We aimed to comprehensively assess the frequency of gastrointestinal and liver late effects among childhood cancer survivors and compare this frequency with the general population. Our population-based cohort study included all 1-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden diagnosed from the 1940s and 1950s.

Long-term Risk of Hospitalization for Somatic Diseases in Survivors of Adolescent or Young Adult Cancer.

Importance: Survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers are at risk for treatment-induced late adverse effects; however, to our knowledge, the long-term risk of hospitalization in this specific group of cancer survivors has not been thoroughly evaluated.

Objective: To examine relative and absolute excess risk for hospitalizations up to 34 years after diagnosis of adolescent and young adult cancer compared with population comparisons.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a cohort study, conducted in Denmark, of 33,555 five-year survivors of adolescent or young adult cancer, diagnosed from 1943 through 2004, when they were 15 to 39 years of age, and 228,447 population comparisons, matched to the survivors by sex and year of birth.

Autoimmune diseases in Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS).

Objectives: The pattern of autoimmune diseases in childhood cancer survivors has not been investigated previously. We estimated the risk for an autoimmune disease after childhood cancer in a large, population-based setting with outcome measures from comprehensive, nationwide health registries.

Methods: From the national cancer registries of Denmark, Iceland and Sweden, we identified 20 361 1-year survivors of cancer diagnosed before the age of 20 between the start of cancer registration in the 1940s and 1950s through 2008; 125 794 comparison subjects, matched by age, gender and country, were selected from national population registers.

Residential exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukaemia, CNS tumour and lymphoma in Denmark.

Background: We previously reported that children exposed to elevated extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) had a five to six times higher risk of leukaemia, central nervous system (CNS) tumour and malignant lymphoma. Here we extend the study from 1968 to 1986 through 2003.

Methods: We included 3277 children with leukaemia, CNS tumour or malignant lymphoma during 1968-2003 recorded in the Danish Cancer Registry and 9129 controls randomly selected from the Danish childhood population.

Risk of familial classical Hodgkin lymphoma by relationship, histology, age, and sex: a joint study from five Nordic countries.

We aimed to provide the familial risk of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) by relationship, histology, age at diagnosis, and sex. A cohort of 57,475 first-degree relatives of 13,922 HL patients diagnosed between 1955 and 2009 in 5 European countries was observed for HL incidence. The overall lifetime cumulative risk (CR) of HL in first-degree relatives of a patient with HL was 0.

Collaborative Research in Childhood Cancer Survivorship: The Current Landscape.

Survivors of childhood cancer carry a substantial burden of morbidity and are at increased risk for premature death. Furthermore, clear associations exist between specific therapeutic exposures and the risk for a variety of long-term complications. The entire landscape of health issues encountered for decades after successful completion of treatment is currently being explored in various collaborative research settings.

The Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) Study: Design and Characteristics.

Background: During the last five decades, survival of childhood cancer has increased from 25% to 80%. At the same time, however, it has become evident that survivors experience a broad range of therapy-related late adverse health effects. The aim of the Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study is to investigate long-term health consequences of past and current therapies in order to improve follow-up care of survivors and to reduce treatment-related morbidity of future patients.

European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: 12 ways to reduce your cancer risk.

This overview describes the principles of the 4th edition of the European Code against Cancer and provides an introduction to the 12 recommendations to reduce cancer risk. Among the 504.6 million inhabitants of the member states of the European Union (EU28), there are annually 2.

Cancer Incidence among Patients with Anorexia Nervosa from Sweden, Denmark and Finland.

A diet with restricted energy content reduces the occurrence of cancer in animal experiments. It is not known if the underlying mechanism also exists in human beings. To determine whether cancer incidence is reduced among patients with anorexia nervosa who tend to have a low intake of energy, we carried out a retrospective cohort study of 22 654 women and 1678 men diagnosed with anorexia nervosa at ages 10-50 years during 1968-2010 according to National Hospital Registers in Sweden, Denmark and Finland.

Occupational history of night shift work and Parkinson's disease in Denmark.

Objectives: We investigated whether working night shifts was associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2010, we recruited 1808 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of idiopathic PD from Denmark and 1876 population controls matched by year of birth and gender. Information on lifelong occupational history, including information on night work, smoking, caffeine and alcohol consumption habits, and family history of PD was collected through structured telephone interviews.

The role of TREM2 R47H as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.

A rare variant in TREM2 (p.R47H, rs75932628) was recently reported to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, subsequently, other neurodegenerative diseases, i.e.

Lifestyle, family history, and risk of idiopathic Parkinson disease: a large Danish case-control study.

The relationship between Parkinson disease (PD) and smoking has been examined in several studies, but little is known about smoking in conjunction with other behaviors and a family history of PD. Using unconditional logistic regression analysis, we studied individual and joint associations of these factors with idiopathic PD among 1,808 Danish patients who were diagnosed in 1996-2009 and matched to 1,876 randomly selected population controls. Although there was a downward trend in duration of smoking, this was not observed for daily tobacco consumption.

Impact of Parkinson's disease risk loci on age at onset.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess whether recently identified Parkinson's disease (PD) risk genes also influence age at onset in PD.

Methods: We genotyped 23 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 1,526 Danish PD patients and performed linear regression analyses with age at onset. The combined impact of PD risk loci on age at onset was assessed by linear regression analyses using a weighted genetic risk score.

Cancer Risk in Relatives of Testicular Cancer Patients by Histology Type and Age at Diagnosis: A Joint Study from Five Nordic Countries.

Background: None of the population-based epidemiologic studies to date has had a large enough sample size to show the familial risk of testicular cancer (TC) by age at diagnosis for patients and their relatives or for rare histologic subtypes.

Objective: To estimate absolute and relative risks of TC in relatives of TC patients by age at diagnosis in patients and their relatives and histological subtypes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In a joint population-based cohort study, 97 402 first-degree relatives of 21 254 TC patients who were diagnosed between 1955 and 2010 in five European countries were followed for cancer incidence.

Childhood cancer survivor cohorts in Europe.

With the advent of multimodality therapy, the overall five-year survival rate from childhood cancer has improved considerably now exceeding 80% in developed European countries. This growing cohort of survivors, with many years of life ahead of them, has raised the necessity for knowledge concerning the risks of adverse long-term sequelae of the life-saving treatments in order to provide optimal screening and care and to identify and provide adequate interventions. Childhood cancer survivor cohorts in Europe.