Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Daily Bictegravir Plus Lenacapavir From a Complex Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Regimen: A Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Phase 2 Study (ARTISTRY-1).

Background: Complex antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens, such as those requiring multiple tablets, several doses per day, or both, can negatively affect quality of life and treatment adherence among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods: ARTISTRY-1 is a phase 2/3, operationally seamless, randomized, open-label, multicenter, active-controlled study (GS-US-621-6289; NCT05502341). Phase 2 of the study enrolled adults with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL receiving a complex ART regimen for ≥6 months.

Long COVID incidence in adults and children between 2020 and 2023: a real-world data study from the RECOVER Initiative.

Estimates of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) incidence, also known as Long COVID, have varied across studies and changed over time. We estimated PASC incidence among adult and pediatric populations in three nationwide research networks of electronic health records (EHR) participating in the RECOVER Initiative using different classification algorithms (computable phenotypes). Overall, 7% of children and 8.

Liposomal nanoformulations with trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide: do they have an inhibitory action on the efflux pumps NorA, Tet(K), MsrA, and MepA?

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and inhibitory action of NorA, Tet(K), MsrA and MepA efflux pumps in S. aureus strains using the sesquiterpenes named trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide, both isolated and encapsulated in liposomes. The antibacterial and inhibitory action of these efflux pumps was evaluated through the serial microdilution test in 96-well microplates.

Comparative Antibacterial and Efflux Pump Inhibitory Activity of Isolated Nerolidol, Farnesol, and α-Bisabolol Sesquiterpenes and Their Liposomal Nanoformulations.

The efflux systems are considered important mechanisms of bacterial resistance due to their ability to extrude various antibiotics. Several naturally occurring compounds, such as sesquiterpenes, have demonstrated antibacterial activity and the ability to inhibit efflux pumps in resistant strains. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the antibacterial and inhibitory activity of the efflux systems NorA, Tet(K), MsrA, and MepA by sesquiterpenes nerolidol, farnesol, and α-bisabolol, used either individually or in liposomal nanoformulation, against multi-resistant strains.

Valencene, Nootkatone and Their Liposomal Nanoformulations as Potential Inhibitors of NorA, Tet(K), MsrA, and MepA Efflux Pumps in Strains.

Valencene and nootkatone are aromatic sesquiterpenes with known biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. Given the evidence that encapsulation into nanosystems, such as liposomes, could improve the properties of several compounds, the present study aimed to evaluate the activity of these sesquiterpenes in their isolated state or in liposomal formulations against strains of carrying efflux pumps. The broth microdilution method evaluated the antibiotic-enhancing activity associated with antibiotics and ethidium bromide (EtBr).

Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Importance: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects occurring after acute infection, termed postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Characterizing PASC requires analysis of prospectively and uniformly collected data from diverse uninfected and infected individuals.

Objective: To develop a definition of PASC using self-reported symptoms and describe PASC frequencies across cohorts, vaccination status, and number of infections.

Sexual behavior and medication adherence in men who have sex with men participating in a pre-exposure prophylaxis study of combinations of Maraviroc, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and/or Emtricitabine (HPTN 069/ACTG 5305).

HPTN 069/ACTG 5305 was designed to evaluate potential new PrEP regimens that included maraviroc, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and/or emtricitabine. The current analyses assessed antiretroviral (ARV) plasma concentrations in relation to sexual behavior in 224 cisgender men who have sex with men and 2 transgender women at risk for HIV. Poisson generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression were used to test for associations between self-reported sexual behavior, sociodemographic, behavioral variables, and study drug levels The median (IQR) age was 30 [25, 37] years old; 48.

Fluorescent characteristics of bee honey constituents: A brief review.

The eligible articles were obtained from databases such as ScienceDirect, SciELO, PubMed and Springer. The searches were performed using the terms "honey", "vitamins", "fluorescence" and their combinations. The titles and abstracts of the articles found were read and revised to verify their relevance to the review.

Spectrofluorimetric analyzes of thiamine and riboflavin in monofloral honey varieties of africanized bees (Apis mellifera).

This research aimed to study the validation of a viable and low-cost spectrofluorimetric method, capable of detecting and quantifying B vitamins in floral varieties of bee honey. The analyzes were performed using chemical and operational methods of pre-defined solutions and standards, performed in triplicate and the results expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The data were recorded in a Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet (version 2013) and studied using the statistical program Bioestatic version 3.

Dynamics of stress generation and reduction in the nursing team at an oncology center.

Objective: to represent the dynamics of stress generation, accumulation and reduction in the nursing team at an oncology therapy center.

Method: a mathematical simulation model of system dynamics was developed based on data collection in loco. The model served to test the impact of three policies aimed at reducing stress in the team, namely i) increase in the service load; ii) increase in the size of shift teams and iii) reduction of service hours per bed.

Safety and Tolerability of Maraviroc-Containing Regimens to Prevent HIV Infection in Women: A Phase 2 Randomized Trial.

Background: Maraviroc (MVC) is a candidate drug for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Objective: To assess the safety and tolerability of MVC-containing PrEP over 48 weeks in U.S.

HIV Salvage Therapy Does Not Require Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are often included in antiretroviral regimens in treatment-experienced patients in the absence of data from randomized trials.

Objective: To compare treatment success between participants who omit versus those who add NRTIs to an optimized antiretroviral regimen of 3 or more agents.

Design: Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

Occurrence and Source Appraisal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Waters of the Almendares River, Cuba.

In this work, 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) included in the United States Environmental Protection Agency pollutant priority list were analyzed in the surface water of the upper urbanized part of Almendares River, the most important water course in Havana, Cuba. Surface water from five sampling sites was collected at the end of dry season and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method after solid phase extraction procedure. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 836 to 15 811 ng L(-1) with a geometric mean value of 2512 ng L(-1).

Changes in fat mitochondrial DNA and function in subjects randomized to abacavir-lamivudine or tenofovir DF-emtricitabine with atazanavir-ritonavir or efavirenz: AIDS Clinical Trials Group study A5224s, substudy of A5202.

Background: The effect of nonthymidine nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) on fat mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and function is unclear.

Methods: A5202 randomized antiretroviral therapy-naive human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects to abacavir-lamivudine (ABC/3TC) versus tenofovir DF-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) with efavirenz (EFV) or atazanavir-ritonavir (ATV/r). A5224s, substudy of A5202, enrolled 269 subjects with fat measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography.

Incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancer in antiretroviral treatment-naïve subjects after antiretroviral treatment initiation: an ACTG longitudinal linked randomized trials analysis.

Background: Prospective data on factors associated with the non-AIDS-defining cancer (NADC) incidence in HIV-infected individuals are limited.

Methods: We examined the NADC incidence in 3,158 antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve subjects after ART initiation in AIDS Clinical Trials Group trials; extended follow-up was available for 2,122 subjects. Poisson regression was used to examine the associations between covariates and incident NADC.

Bone disease in HIV infection: a practical review and recommendations for HIV care providers.

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy is associated with a 2%-6% decrease in BMD over the first 2 years, a decrease that is similar in magnitude to that sustained during the first 2 years of menopause. Recent studies have also described increased fracture rates in the HIV-infected population.

Detection of KPC in Acinetobacter spp. in Puerto Rico.

During an island-wide PCR-based surveillance study of beta-lactam resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex isolates obtained from 17 different hospitals, 10 KPC-positive Acinetobacter isolates were identified. DNA sequencing of the bla(KPC) gene identified KPC-2, -3, and -4 and a novel variant, KPC-10. This is the first report of a KPC-type beta-lactamase identified in Acinetobacter species.

Fatal granulomatous meningoencephalitis associated to mycobacterium mucogenicum-like microorganism: a case report.

Mycobacterium mucogenicum is rarely associated to human infections. However, in the last year, a few reports of sepsis and fatal cases of central nervous systems have been documented. Here we report a fatal case of granulomatous meningoencephalitis of three weeks of evolution where DNA from a M.

Modified directly observed antiretroviral therapy compared with self-administered therapy in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients: a randomized trial.

Background: Success of antiretroviral therapy depends on high rates of adherence, but few interventions are effective. Our objective was to determine if modified directly observed therapy (mDOT) improves initial antiretroviral success.

Methods: In an open-label, randomized trial comparing mDOT (Monday-Friday for 24 weeks) and self-administered therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir soft gel capsules (800 mg/200 mg), emtricitabine (200 mg), and either extended-release stavudine (100 mg) or tenofovir (300 mg), all taken once daily, 82 participants received mDOT and 161, self-administered therapy.

Clinical experience with posaconazole in patients with invasive mucormycosis: a case series.

Posaconazole (POS) is approved for prophylaxis of Aspergillus and Candida infections in immunocompromised patients and for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Data is limited as step-down therapy after treatment with amphotericin B (AMB). Four cases with refractory mucormycosis who had a favorable response after a change in antifungal therapy to POS are presented.

Plasma HIV-1 RNA dynamics in antiretroviral-naive subjects receiving either triple-nucleoside or efavirenz-containing regimens: ACTG A5166s.

Objective: We sought to compare clearance rates of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in men and women starting triple-nucleoside-based versus efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens.

Methods: First- and second-phase decay rates of plasma HIV-1 were compared in men and women initiating a triple nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimen versus regimens that included EFV plus an NRTI. Subjects (n=64) were randomized to receive zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir (triple-nucleoside regimen), zidovudine/lamivudine plus EFV (3-drug EFV regimen) or zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir plus EFV (4-drug EFV regimen).

Amdoxovir versus placebo with enfuvirtide plus optimized background therapy for HIV-1-infected subjects failing current therapy (AACTG A5118).

Background: Amdoxovir (2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane; DAPD) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) with activity against wild-type and NRTI-resistant viruses.

Methods: ACTG A5118 assessed the antiretroviral activity and safety of DAPD (300 mg orally, twice daily) versus placebo in combination with enfuvirtide (ENF) plus an optimized background (OB) regimen in subjects with failure of two or more antiretroviral (ARV) regimens. The primary endpoints for comparison were time-averaged area under the curve minus baseline (AAUCMB) of plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration at 24 weeks and time to first serious (DAIDS toxicity table Grade > or = 3) adverse event (AE).

Clinical challenges and controversies in the management of HIV/ HCV-coinfected individuals.

The natural history of HIV infection has been dramatically changed by the highly active antiretroviral therapies, reducing complications, morbidity and mortality of the disease. Approximately 25% of persons infected with HIV are co-infected with hepatitis C, and some high risk populations have a prevalence of HCV of more than 75%. Liver disease has become one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in this population.