Effects of ultra-low dose hormone therapy on biochemical bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

Objective: Evaluate the effects of ultra-low-dose hormone therapy (Ultra-LD HT) with 17β-estradiol 0.5 mg and norethisterone acetate 0.1 mg (E2 0.

Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Immunohistochemical Profile at Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Postmenopausal Women.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal women.

Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study included 189 women, aged 45 to 75years and amenorrhea >12 months, with newly diagnosed BC and no previous cancer treatment. Clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected, as well as data on BC hormone status (estrogen receptor, ER; progesterone receptor, PR; human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, HER-2), and epithelial proliferative activity (Ki-67).

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in T3 and T4b Breast Cancer Patients: Analysis in a Tertiary Cancer Hospital and Systematic Literature Review.

Introduction: Breast cancer represents the most common type of cancer among women in the world. The presence and extent of axillary lymph node involvement represent an important prognostic factor. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is currently accepted for T1 and T2 with negative axillae (N0); however, many patients with T3-T4b tumors with N0 are often submitted to unnecessarily axillary lymph node dissection.

High risk for cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors.

Objective: Breast cancer patients have a higher mortality risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than women from the general population. CVD risk may increase significantly in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for CVD in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors.

Autophagy-related 16-like 1gene polymorphism, risk factors for cardiovascular disease and associated carotid intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women.

Background: Early identification of asymptomatic postmenopausal women (PW), who are more predisposed to developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), is an important preventive strategy. Autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) is an autophagy gene known to control host immune responses and is associated with a variety of diseases, including CVD.

Objective: The aim of the study was to associate the ATG16L1 polymorphism variant with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in asymptomatic PW.

Low pretreatment serum concentration of vitamin D at breast cancer diagnosis in postmenopausal women.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of and risk factors for low pretreatment vitamin D (VitD) levels in postmenopausal breast cancer (BC) women, compared with postmenopausal women without BC.

Methods: A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted to compare 209 women with BC (case group) to 418 women without BC (control group), age range: 45 to 75 years. The case group consisted of women diagnosed with BC, amenorrhea ≥12 months, aged ≥45 years, without use of medication or clinical conditions that might interfere with VitD levels.

Isolated vitamin D supplementation improves the immune-inflammatory biomarkers in younger postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on immune-inflammatory biomarkers in younger postmenopausal women.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 160 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 65 years with amenorrhea ≥12 months were randomized into two groups: VitD group, oral supplementation with 1000 IU VitD3/day (n = 80) or placebo group (n = 80). The intervention time was 9 months, and the women were assessed at baseline and endpoint.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To evaluate the association between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women.

Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional cohort study.

Main Outcome Measures: In this study, 463 women, aged 45-75 years, with amenorrhea >12months, without VD supplementation or established cardiovascular disease were included.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor breast cancer prognostic features in postmenopausal women.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between pretreatment vitamin D (VD) deficiency with breast cancer prognostic features in Brazilian postmenopausal women. An analytical cross sectional study was conducted with 192 women, aged 45-75 years, attended at University Hospital. Women with recent diagnosis of breast cancer, in amenorrhea >12months and age ≥45 years, without medication use or clinical conditions that interfere with VD values were included.

Adding Soy Protein to Milk Enhances the Effect of Resistance Training on Muscle Strength in Postmenopausal Women.

Resistance training (RT) and high-quality protein ingestion improves muscle mass (MM) and strength (MS). However, no study has evaluated the effect of ingesting milk plus soy protein (SOY) on MM and MS in postmenopausal women (PW). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding SOY to milk on MM and MS after 16 weeks of RT.

Physical Activity Level of Post-menopausal Women with Low Bone Mineral Density.

Introduction Proper physical activity is related to the prevention and the treatment of osteoporosis. Purpose To assess the level of physical activity (PA) in post-menopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD). Methods This cross-sectional clinical study included 123 post-menopausal women.

Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical predictive factors for endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women compared with postmenopausal women without polyps.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 132 Brazilian women with a histopathological diagnosis of endometrial polyps were compared with 264 women without endometrial alterations (control). The study group included women aged at least 45 years with amenorrhea for at least 12 months, who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomy.

Effect of isolated vitamin D supplementation on the rate of falls and postural balance in postmenopausal women fallers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of isolated vitamin D supplementation (VITD) on the rate of falls and postural balance in postmenopausal women fallers.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 160 Brazilian younger postmenopausal women were randomized into two groups: VITD group, vitamin D3 supplementation 1,000 IU/day/orally (n = 80) and placebo group (n = 80). Women with amenorrhea at least 12 months, age 50 to 65 years, and a history of falls (previous 12 months) were included.

[Prevalence of low bone mineral density in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors].

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 115 breast cancer survivors, seeking healthcare at a University Hospital in Brazil, were evaluated. Eligibility criteria included women with amenorrhea ≥ 12 months and age ≥ 45 years, treated for breast cancer and metastasis-free for at least five years.

[Predictive factors for occurrence of endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women.].

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive clinical factors for the development of endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Observational cohort study with postmenopausal women who had been at a public university hospital. Clinical, anthropometrical, laboratorial, and ultrasonographic data of 132 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of endometrial polyps and 264 women without endometrial alterations (control) were compared in order to evaluate the predictive factors of endometrial polyps.

Clinical and psychological repercussions of videolaparoscopic tubal ligation: observational, single cohort, retrospective study.

Context And Objective: Tubal ligation is one of the most commonly used contraceptive methods worldwide. Since the controversy over the potential effects of tubal sterilization still continues, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical and psychological repercussions of videolaparoscopic tubal ligation.

Design And Setting: Observational, single cohort, retrospective study, conducted in a tertiary public hospital.

Evaluation of Toll-Like receptor 2 and 4 RNA expression and the cytokine profile in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the gene expression of Toll-Like (TLR-2 and TLR-4) receptors and cytokine profile in postmenopausal women with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 311 Brazilian women (age≥45 years and amenorrhea≥12 months) were included. Women showing three or more of the following diagnostic criteria were diagnosed as positive for MetS: waist circumference>88 cm, triglycerides≥150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol<50 mg/dL, blood pressure≥130/85 mmHg, and fasting glucose≥100 mg/dL.

Evaluation of clinical and inflammatory markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess clinical and inflammatory markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 180 Brazilian women (age ≥45 years and amenorrhea ≥12 months). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by the presence of at least three of the following indicators: Waist circumference (WC) >88 cm, triglycerides (TGs) ≥150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) <50 mg/dL; blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg; and glucose ≥100 mg/dL.

Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.

Background: Inflammatory responses may be altered in postmenopausal women and predispose to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Genetic factors can also influence susceptibility to CVD. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a component of the innate immune system and an activator of the complement cascade.

Evaluation of clinical and inflammatory markers of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate clinical and inflammatory markers of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (ATS) in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 268 Brazilian women (aged ≥45 y and amenorrhea ≥12 mo). Subclinical ATS was defined as increased carotid intima-media thickness (>1.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the Western countries. NAFLD includes a spectrum ranging from a simple steatosis to a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is defined by the presence of inflammatory infiltrate, cellular necrosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and fibrosis and cirrhosis that can eventually develop into hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies emphasize the role of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines in the development and progression of NAFLD.

[Evaluation of risk factors of falls in early postmenopausal women].

Purpose: It was to evaluate the frequency and the risk factors of falls in early postmenopausal women.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 358 women (age: 45-65 years and amenorrhea >12 months) with time since menopause <10 years. Exclusion criteria were: neurological or musculoskeletal disorders, vestibulopathies, uncorrected visual deficit, uncontrolled hypertension and postural hypotension, or drug use (sedative and hypnotic agents).

The 60- and 70-kDa heat-shock proteins and their correlation with cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

We investigated the association between circulating levels of 60 and 70 kDa heat-shock proteins (HSP60 and 70) and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional study included 311 Brazilian women (age ≥45 years with amenorrhea ≥12 months). Women showing three or more of the following diagnostic criteria were diagnosed with MetS: waist circumference (WC) ≥88 cm, blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) <50 mg/dl, and glucose ≥100 mg/dl.

Usefulness of clinical, ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic, and immunohistochemical parameters in differentiating endometrial polyps from endometrial cancer.

Study Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of clinical, ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic, and immunohistochemical parameters in differentiating endometrial polyps from endometrial cancer.

Design: Cross-sectional study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: Tertiary public hospital, university teaching center.

Different tools for estimating cardiovascular risk in Brazilian postmenopausal women.

Objective: To compare estimation of cardiovascular risk using the Framinghan Risk Score (FRS) and the presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women to prevent primary cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 497 Brazilian women (aged ≥45 years and amenorrhea >12 months). Cardiovascular risk was calculated using the FRS that includes age, total cholesterol, HDL, systolic blood pressure and smoking status.