Autoantibodies against beta cells to predict early insulin requirements in pediatric patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Background: Autoimmunity has emerged as a probable disease modifier in patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), that is, patients who have insulin resistance, obesity, and other cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting that the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD65), islet antigen 2 (anti-IA2), and zinc transporter 8 (anti-Zn8T) antibodies could have deleterious effects on beta cell function, causing failure and earlier requirement for insulin treatment.

Aim: To evaluate anti-GAD65, anti-IA2 and anti-Zn8T as predictors of early insulin requirement in adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of T2DM.

Methods: This was a case-control study in patients with clinically diagnosed with T2DM (68 cases and 64 controls with and without early insulin dependence respectively), male and female, aged 12-18 years.

[Muscle ultrasound: reliability across experience levels in critical care physiotherapists].

Background: Muscle ultrasound is a valid tool to monitor muscle mass loss in critically ill patients. The level of experience is essential to the accuracy of the measurements.

Aim: To evaluate the interobserver reliability of experienced and novice raters measuring muscle thickness and echo intensity of the quadriceps and tibialis anterior.

STEM and Non-STEM Misconceptions About Evolution: Findings from 5 Years of Data.

Even though it is widely held that the theory of evolution is one of the pillars of the biological sciences, as we begin the third decade of the twenty-first century, it is alarming how little we know about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors and non-STEM majors' misconceptions about evolution in countries such as Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Greece, to name a few. The situation is even more complicated if we acknowledge that contemporary educational approaches (e.g.

The Swiss Pathogen Surveillance Platform - towards a nation-wide One Health data exchange platform for bacterial, viral and fungal genomics and associated metadata.

The Swiss Pathogen Surveillance Platform (SPSP) is a shared secure surveillance platform between human and veterinary medicine, to also include environmental and foodborne isolates. It enables rapid and detailed transmission monitoring and outbreak surveillance of pathogens using whole genome sequencing data and associated metadata. It features controlled data access, complex dynamic queries, dedicated dashboards and automated data sharing with international repositories, providing actionable results for public health and the vision to improve societal well-being and health.

Electrophysiological detection of visible wavelengths of artificial lights inducing take-off in adults of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Triatominae).

Rhodnius prolixus is the most important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the northern part of South America. The compound eyes in adults of R. prolixus are involved in the nocturnal flight dispersion from sylvatic environments into human dwellings.

Studies on Neotropical Pseudophyllinae: A new, short-winged Platyphyllini genus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from a High Andean Forest in Colombia.

By combining different research disciplines, biologists can understand natural processes in a broader way. Here, we combine both taxonomic and bioacoustic methodologies to provide the first observations of the morphology, geographical distribution, and the acoustic behavior of the monotypic genus Andeophylloides n. gen.

Neuroparalytic keratopathy in Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome treated with tarsoconjunctival flap.

Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome is a rare bone dysplasia with dysautonomic manifestations. Most patients die in the neonatal period or during infancy because of the multiple complications they present. The main ophthalmological complications reported are reduced corneal reflex, corneal anesthesia, hypolacrimation, and severely reduced blinking.

Psychosocial changes during COVID-19 lockdown on nursing home residents, their relatives and clinical staff: a prospective observational study.

Background: Previous works have observed an increase of depression and other psychological disorders on nursing home residents as a consequence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown; however, there are few studies that have performed a comprehensive evaluation of all people involved in nursing homes environment. The objective of the work was to analyse the impact of lockdown on psychosocial factors of nursing home residents, relatives and clinical staff and how these variables have influenced residents' survival.

Methods: A prospective study was designed.

Respiratory drive, inspiratory effort, and work of breathing: review of definitions and non-invasive monitoring tools for intensive care ventilators during pandemic times.

Technological advances in mechanical ventilation have been essential to increasing the survival rate in intensive care units. Usually, patients needing mechanical ventilation use controlled ventilation to override the patients respiratory muscles and favor lung protection. Weaning from mechanical ventilation implies a transition towards spontaneous breathing, mainly using assisted mechanical ventilation.

Using the Controversy over Human Race to Introduce Students to the Identification and the Evaluation of Arguments.

The identification and the evaluation of arguments are fundamental elements of critical thinking. However, the explicit promotion of these elements is virtually absent from university science courses. Much of the reason for this is that in most universities, across nearly all disciplines, instructors are required to see the conceptual content coverage of the syllabus as a priority.

Intramuscular vs. Intradermic Needle-Free Vaccination in Piglets: Relevance for Animal Welfare Based on an Aversion Learning Test and Vocalizations.

The aim of the present study was to compare intramuscular injection with a needle and intradermic needle-free vaccinations against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in piglets at 28 days old by studying behavioral and physiological reactions. A total of 72 piglets divided into 2 sex-balanced batches were assessed. Within each batch, the piglets were divided into three treatments, which were Hipradermic (0.

Respiratory Support Adjustments and Monitoring of Mechanically Ventilated Patients Performing Early Mobilization: A Scoping Review.

Unlabelled: This scoping review is aimed to summarize current knowledge on respiratory support adjustments and monitoring of metabolic and respiratory variables in mechanically ventilated adult patients performing early mobilization.

Data Sources: Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021, using a predefined search strategy.

Study Selection: Two blinded reviewers performed document selection by title, abstract, and full text according to the following criteria: mechanically ventilated adult patients performing any mobilization intervention, respiratory support adjustments, and/or monitoring of metabolic/respiratory real-time variables.

Towards Covid-19 Literacy: Investigating the Literacy Levels of University Students in Colombia.

Covid-19 literacy, induced by the coronavirus disease (2019), is characterized as the understanding of Covid-19 as well as informed decisions based upon this understanding. This type of literacy is closely related to health literacy, scientific literacy, and scientific media literacy. It may be obvious to say that Covid-19 literacy is a key factor for governments to effectively manage the Covid-19 transition.

An Unmatched Radio Frequency Chain for Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a safe and versatile diagnostic tool for intracranial imaging, however it is also one of the most expensive and specialized making it scarce in low- to middle-income countries (LMIC). The affordability and portability of low-field MRI offers the potential for increased access to brain imaging for diseases like Hydrocephalus in LMIC. In this tutorial style work, we show the design of a low powered and low cost radio frequency chain of electronics to be paired with a previously reported prepolarized low-field MRI for childhood hydrocephalus imaging in sub-Saharan Africa where the incidence of this condition is high.

Using Historical Scientific Controversies to Promote Undergraduates' Argumentation.

The Covid-19 pandemic is the reason why humanity is paying more attention to the importance of regular and rigorous handwashing. Interestingly, in the nineteenth century, regular and rigorous handwashing was a key (and controversial) solution proposed by the Hungarian obstetrician Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis to cut drastically cases of puerperal fever. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence that the case of Semmelweis and puerperal fever-a crucial historical scientific controversy-can be used as a springboard to promote university student argumentation.

Novel repellents for the blood-sucking insects Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans, vectors of Chagas disease.

Background: Studying the behavioral response of blood-sucking disease-vector insects to potentially repellent volatile compounds could shed light on the development of new control strategies. Volatiles released by human facial skin microbiota play different roles in the host-seeking behavior of triatomines. We assessed the repellency effect of such compounds of bacterial origin on Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus, two important vectors of Chagas disease in Latin America.

Characteristics of physiotherapy staffing levels and caseload: a cross-sectional survey of Chilean adult Intensive Care Units.

Introduction: The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine recommends the presence of a specialist physiotherapist, available every five beds, seven days a week in the high complexity Intensive Care Unit. However, in Chile the adherence of adult Intensive Care Units to this recommendation is unknown.

Objective: To describe the organizational characteristics and the physiotherapist availability in adult Intensive Care Units in Chile, and according to the adherence to international recommendations, inform health decision-makers.

Yeast Smell Like What They Eat: Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds of in Growth Media Supplemented with Different Lipids.

is part of the human skin microbiota. Its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) possibly contribute to the characteristic odour in humans, as well as to microbiota interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate how the lipid composition of the liquid medium influences the production of VOCs.

Behavioral responses of Rhodnius prolixus to volatile organic compounds released in vitro by bacteria isolated from human facial skin.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by skin microbiota in the attraction of mosquitoes to humans. Recently, behavioral experiments confirmed the importance of VOCs released by skin microbiota in the attraction of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Triatominae), a vector of Chagas disease.

Methods/findings: In this study, we screened for VOCs released in vitro by bacteria isolated from human facial skin that were able to elicit behavioral responses in R.

Asymmetrical Competition between Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Coexisting in Breeding Sites.

and are mosquito vectors for several tropical diseases that represent a current public health problem. The ecological requirements for each species are different, however, both species show high biological adaptability, which promotes their coexistence in the same breeding sites. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of larval association between and under different laboratory conditions of food supply and temperature, and under field simulated conditions like peridomestic containers.

Factors predicting outcome of surgical treatment of spontaneous spinal hematomas: a retrospective cohort study in four tertiary reference centers.

Background: Spontaneous spinal extradural hematoma (SSEH) is a rare but disabling disorder. Most of the previous assumptions regarding the factors that contribute to poor neurological recovery from SSEH are based on small case samples or conditions with similar clinical presentations but different physiopathologies. Our goal was to find the most relevant prognostic factors for neurological recovery in patients suffering SSEH treated with surgical evacuation.

Behavioral evidence of oxidative stress by hematophagy in the ocellar system of Rhodnius prolixus Stål, 1859 red-eyed mutants.

The photonegative response to light stimulation in Rhodnius prolixus (Reduviidae, Triatominae) is modulated by compound eyes and ocelli. Screening pigments in the visual system have been shown to protect the cellular structures from the oxidative stress damage produced by blood ingestion and light stimulation. Red-eyed mutants of Rhodnius prolixus lack screening pigments in their compound eyes and ocelli and are exposed to more oxidative stress.