THE EFFECT OF A HYPNOTIC-BASED ANIMATED VIDEO ON STRESS AND PAIN REDUCTION IN PEDIATRIC SURGERY.

Presurgical stress and its negative influences on postsurgical recovery and pain are well documented in the medical literature. Hence, the reduction of stress is advisable. The present study aimed to reduce stress using a hypnotic-based animated video.

[APPENDECTOMY FOR COMPLICATED APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN--LAPAROSCOPIC OR OPEN?].

Introduction: Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is widely accepted for simple appendicitis but it is still debatable in complicated cases (gangrenous or perforated appendicitis).

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of LA versus open appendectomy (OA) in uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis in children.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of children (< 18 years old) who underwent LA and CA from 2008 to 2011 was performed.

The role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in enterocyte turnover during methotrexate-induced intestinal mucositis in a rat.

Background/aims: Intestinal mucositis is a common side-effect in patients who receive aggressive chemotherapy. The Wnt signaling pathway is critical for establishing and maintaining the proliferative compartment of the intestine. In the present study, we tested whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal damage in a rat model.

Glutamine attenuates the inhibitory effect of methotrexate on TLR signaling during intestinal chemotherapy-induced mucositis in a rat.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is crucial in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis, participates in a vigorous signaling process and heightens inflammatory cytokine output. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of glutamine (GLN) on TLR-4 signaling in intestinal mucosa during methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis in a rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups of 8 rats each: 1) control rats; 2) CONTR-GLN animals were treated with oral glutamine given in drinking water (2%) 48 hours before and 72 hours following vehicle injection; 3) MTX-rats were treated with a single IP injection of MTX (20 mg/kg); and 4) MTX-GLN rats were pre-treated with oral glutamine similar to group B, 48 hours before and 72 hours after MTX injection.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade down-regulation following massive small bowel resection in a rat.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade is implicated in the control of stem cell activity, cell proliferation, lineage commitment, and cell survival during normal development and tissue regeneration of the gastrointestinal epithelium. The roles of this signaling cascade in stimulation of cell proliferation after massive small bowel resection are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during late stages of intestinal adaptation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Methotrexate induces germ cell apoptosis and impairs spermatogenesis in a rat.

Purpose: The primary toxic effects of methotrexate (MTX) are myelosuppression and/or intestinal mucositis. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of MTX on germ cell apoptosis and spermatogenesis in a rat.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups: control rats treated with vehicle; MTX-2 rats treated with one dose (20 μg/kg) of MTX given IP and killed on the second day; and MTX rats treated with IP MTX (20 μg/kg) and killed on day 4.

Dietary supplementation with vitamin D stimulates intestinal epithelial cell turnover after massive small bowel resection in rats.

Purpose: While the endocrine action of the active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VtD) has been well characterized in relation to the maintenance of plasma calcium and phosphate homeostasis through regulation of intestinal absorption, recent research has focused on its autocrine and/or paracrine activities. Such activities have been best characterized in intestine, where VtD regulates cell differentiation and maturation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of VtD on enterocyte turnover in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Dietary transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) supplementation reduces methotrexate-induced intestinal mucosal injury in a rat.

Background/aims: Dietary supplementation with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has been proven to minimize intestinal damage and facilitate regeneration after mucosal injury. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of oral TGF-β2 supplementation on intestinal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis following methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal damage in a rat and in a cell culture model.

Methods: Caco-2 cells were treated with MTX and were incubated with increasing concentrations of TGF-β2.

The effect of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia versus general anesthesia on the recovery time of intestinal function in young infants undergoing intestinal surgery: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial.

Study Objective: To assess the rate of restoration of gastrointestinal (GI) function following combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia compared with general anesthesia in young infants undergoing elective intestinal surgery.

Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled study.

Setting: Operating room and neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital.

TGF-β affects enterocyte turnover in correlation with TGF-β receptor expression after massive small bowel resection.

Objectives: In the present study, we evaluated the effect of transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2)-enriched diet on enterocyte turnover and correlated it with TGF-β2 receptor expression along the villus-crypt axis in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Methods: CaCo-2 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of TGF-β2. Alamar Blue reduction test was used for investigation of cell viability and evaluation of cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.

Improved outcomes in paediatric anaesthesia: contributing factors.

Purpose: To discuss developments in paediatric anaesthesia and explore the factors which have contributed to improved anaesthetic-related patient outcomes.

Methods: Narrative review of findings in the literature retrieved from MEDLINE/Pubmed and manual search.

Results: Adverse perioperative outcomes related to anaesthesia have been extensively debated over the past few decades, with studies implicating factors such as major human error and equipment failure.

Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces Methotrexate-induced intestinal mucosal injury in rat.

Background: Arginine (ARG) and nitric oxide maintain the mucosal integrity of the intestine in various intestinal disorders. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of oral ARG supplementation on intestinal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis following methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal damage in a rat.

Methods: Male rats were divided into four experimental groups: Control rats, CONTR-ARG rats, were treated with oral ARG given in drinking water 72 hours before and 72 hours following vehicle injection, MTX rats were treated with a single dose of methotrexate, and MTX-ARG rats were treated with oral ARG following injection of MTX.

PDGF-α stimulates intestinal epithelial cell turnover after massive small bowel resection in a rat.

Numerous cytokines have been shown to affect epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Growing evidence suggests that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling is an important mediator of these interactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of PDGF-α on enterocyte turnover in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Reversal of severe methotrexate-induced intestinal damage using enteral n-3 fatty acids.

Growing evidence suggests that n-3 PUFA and their specific lipid mediators can reduce the activity of inflammatory processes. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of oral n-3 PUFA supplementation on intestinal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis during methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal damage in the rat. A total of thirty-two male rats were divided into four experimental groups: control (CONTR) rats; CONTR-n-3 PUFA rats treated with oral administration of n-3 PUFA at a dose of 300 μg/kg once per d 72 h before and 72 h following vehicle injection; MTX rats treated with a single dose of MTX; MTX-n-3 PUFA rats treated with oral n-3 PUFA following the injection of MTX.

Effect of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced liver injury on intestinal adaptation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome.

Background/purpose: Progressive hyperbilirubinemia and end-stage liver failure are among the most serious complications of short bowel syndrome (SBS), representing the principle cause of death in a majority of fatal cases. In the current study, we examined the effects of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver injury on intestinal adaptation in a rat model of SBS.

Methods: Male rats were divided into four groups: Sham rats underwent bowel transection (n = 8), Sham liver-injury rats underwent bowel transection and IP injection of ANIT (100 mg/kg, n = 8), SBS rats underwent a 75% bowel resection, and SBS-ANIT rats underwent bowel resection and liver injury similar to group sham-ANIT (n = 8).

Oral insulin stimulates intestinal epithelial cell turnover following massive small bowel resection in a rat and a cell culture model.

Purpose: We have recently reported that oral insulin (OI) stimulates intestinal adaptation after bowel resection and that OI enhances enterocyte turnover in correlation with insulin receptor expression along the villus-crypt axis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of OI on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS) and in a cell culture model.

Methods: Caco-2 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of insulin.

Parenteral omega-3 fatty acids (Omegaven) modulate intestinal recovery after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in a rat model.

Background/purpose: Fatty acids from fish oil (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 3PUFAs) are emerging as powerful yet safe disease-modifying nutrients and are protective in severe critical care conditions including ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of 3PUFAs on intestinal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation, and apoptosis after intestinal IR in a rat.

Methods: Male rats were divided into three experimental groups: sham rats underwent laparotomy, IR rats underwent occlusion of both superior mesenteric artery and portal vein for 30 minutes followed by 48 hours of reperfusion, and 3PUFA-treated IR (IR-3PUFA) rats underwent IR and were treated with Omegaven (Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany) given intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mL twice a day.

The postoperative occurrence of cardio-respiratory adverse events in small infants undergoing gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective comparison of general anesthesia and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.

Introduction: This study was designed to compare the occurrences of postoperative cardio-respiratory adverse events during an 8-day follow-up period in the neonatal intensive care unit in small infants who underwent elective gastrointestinal surgery under general and combined spinal epidural anesthesia.

Methods: Fifty infants who underwent elective primary gastrointestinal surgery were randomly divided into two anesthetic techniques. General anesthesia (25 patients) and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (25 patients).

Effect of oral insulin on diabetes-induced intestinal mucosal growth in rats.

Background: To evaluate the intestinal response to the induction of diabetes and to oral insulin (OI) administration in a rat.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups: control rats, CONTR-INS rats that were treated with OI given in drinking water for 7 days, diabetic rats that were injected with one dose of streptozotocin, and diabetic rats treated with OI. Intestinal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and enterocyte apoptosis, bax and bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels, insulin receptor expression and ERK protein levels were determined at sacrifice.

Nutritional supplementation with transforming growth factor-beta inhibits intestinal adaptation after massive small bowel resection in a rat.

Introduction: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has been shown to affect epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation through epithelial-mesenchymal and epithelial-immune cell interaction. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of TGF-β2-enriched polymeric diet (Modulen) on enterocyte turnover in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Methods: Male rats were divided into four groups: Sham rats and Sham-TGF-β rats underwent bowel transection, and were treated with TGF-β from the 4th postoperative day, SBS rats underwent a 75% bowel resection, and SBS-TGF-β rats underwent bowel resection and were treated with TGF-β-enriched diet similar to Group B.

Parenteral but not enteral omega-3 fatty acids (Omegaven) modulate intestinal regrowth after massive small bowel resection in rats.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ω-3 fatty acids (Omegaven) on early intestinal adaptation in rats with short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: sham rats underwent bowel transection; SBS rats underwent 75% bowel resection; SBS-O ω-3 rats underwent bowel resection and were treated with oral Omegaven given by gavage; and SBS-I ω-3 rats underwent bowel resection and were treated with Omegaven given intraperitoneally. Rats were killed on day 14.

Effect of simvastatin on intestinal recovery following gut ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat.

Background: Pleiotropic (lipid lowering-independent) effects of statins are attributed to their antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and/or vascular actions. Extensive studies in various experimental models have established that pretreatment with simvastatin significantly protects heart and kidney injured by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of simvastatin on intestinal recovery and enterocyte turnover after intestinal IR injury in rats.

Oral insulin stimulates intestinal epithelial cell turnover in correlation with insulin-receptor expression along the villus-crypt axis in a rat model of short bowel syndrome.

Purpose: It has been reported that oral insulin (OI) has a trophic effect on intestinal mucosa. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of OI on enterocyte turnover and correlated it with insulin-receptor expression along the villus-crypt axis in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Methods: Male rats were divided into three groups: Sham rats underwent bowel transection, SBS rats underwent a 75% bowel resection, and SBS-OI rats underwent bowel resection and were treated with OI given in drinking water (1 U/ml) from the fourth postoperative day.

Leptin affects intestinal epithelial cell turnover in correlation with leptin receptor expression along the villus-crypt axis after massive small bowel resection in a rat.

In this study, we examine the responsiveness of intestinal epithelial cell turnover to leptin (LEP) in correlation with leptin receptor (LEPr) expression along the villus-crypt axis in a rat with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Adult rats underwent either a 75% intestinal resection or a transection. SBS-LEP rats underwent bowel resection and were treated with LEP starting from the fourth postoperative day.